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Large Language Models (LLMs) require careful safety alignment to prevent malicious outputs. While significant research focuses on mitigating harmful content generation, the enhanced safety often come with the side effect of over-refusal,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Justin Cui , Wei-Lin Chiang , Ion Stoica , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) typically report binary outcomes, i.e. attack success rate (ASR), refusal rate, or harmful versus safe classification, which hide how risk changes between prompt and response. We present a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Mengya Hu , Qiong Wei , Sandeep Atluri

System prompt configuration can make the difference between near-total phishing blindness and near-perfect detection in LLM email agents. We present PhishNChips, a study of 11 models under 10 prompt strategies, showing that prompt-model…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-27 Ron Litvak

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed task automation and content generation across various domains while incorporating safety filters to prevent misuse. We introduce a novel jailbreaking framework that employs distributed prompt…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Johan Wahréus , Ahmed Hussain , Panos Papadimitratos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation, but their proficiency in producing secure code remains a critical, under-explored area. Existing benchmarks often fall short by relying on synthetic…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Yanlin Wang , Ziyao Zhang , Chong Wang , Xinyi Xu , Mingwei Liu , Yong Wang , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly integrate native code interpreters, they enable powerful real-time execution capabilities, substantially expanding their utility. However, such integrations introduce potential system-level…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-28 Gabriel Chua

Large Language Models have become critical to modern software development, but their reliance on uncurated web-scale datasets for training introduces a significant security risk: the absorption and reproduction of malicious content. This…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Zhiyang Chen , Tara Saba , Xun Deng , Xujie Si , Fan Long

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in financial scenarios. However, they may produce harmful outputs, including facilitating illegal activities or unethical behavior, posing serious compliance risks. To systematically…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Yutao Hou , Yihan Jiang , Yuhan Xie , Jian Yang , Liwen Zhang , Hailiang Huang , Guanhua Chen , Yun Chen

Currently, large pre-trained language models are widely applied in neural code completion systems. Though large code models significantly outperform their smaller counterparts, around 70\% of displayed code completions from Github Copilot…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-08-12 Zhensu Sun , Xiaoning Du , Fu Song , Shangwen Wang , Mingze Ni , Li Li , David Lo

Jailbreak attacks cause large language models (LLMs) to generate harmful, unethical, or otherwise objectionable content. Evaluating these attacks presents a number of challenges, which the current collection of benchmarks and evaluation…

Evaluating aligned large language models' (LLMs) ability to recognize and reject unsafe user requests is crucial for safe, policy-compliant deployments. Existing evaluation efforts, however, face three limitations that we address with…

Single-prompt accuracy is the dominant way to benchmark language models, but it can miss reliability failures that matter. We evaluate a 15-model open-weight corpus, with the main reliability analyses focused on 10 instruct models across…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Ranit Karmakar , Jayita Chatterjee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to a sophisticated form of adversarial prompting known as camouflaged jailbreaking. This method embeds malicious intent within seemingly benign language to evade existing safety…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Youjia Zheng , Mohammad Zandsalimy , Shanu Sushmita

Compliance as code is an emerging idea about automating compliance through programmed compliance controls and checks. Given scant existing research thus far, the paper presents an empirical analysis of a compliance as code project…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Jukka Ruohonen , Esmot Ara Tuli , Hiraku Morita

LLM-based programming assistants offer the promise of programming faster but with the risk of introducing more security vulnerabilities. Prior work has studied how LLMs could be maliciously fine-tuned to suggest vulnerabilities more often.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-07-17 John Heibel , Daniel Lowd

Security code review is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process typically requiring integration with automated security defect detection tools. However, existing security analysis tools struggle with poor generalization, high false…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Jiaxin Yu , Peng Liang , Yujia Fu , Amjed Tahir , Mojtaba Shahin , Chong Wang , Yangxiao Cai

Automated \enquote{LLM-as-a-Judge} frameworks have become the de facto standard for scalable evaluation across natural language processing. For instance, in safety evaluation, these judges are relied upon to evaluate harmfulness in order to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Leo Schwinn , Moritz Ladenburger , Tim Beyer , Mehrnaz Mofakhami , Gauthier Gidel , Stephan Günnemann

Long-context LLMs can infer objectives that are not stated explicitly. This capability is useful for reasoning over documents, code, retrieved evidence, and tool traces, but it also creates a safety risk: harmful intent can be distributed…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Yu Fu , Haz Sameen Shahgir , Huanli Gong , Zhipeng Wei , N. Benjamin Erichson , Yue Dong

Safety-aligned large language models (LLMs) sometimes falsely refuse pseudo-harmful prompts, like "how to kill a mosquito," which are actually harmless. Frequent false refusals not only frustrate users but also provoke a public backlash…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Bang An , Sicheng Zhu , Ruiyi Zhang , Michael-Andrei Panaitescu-Liess , Yuancheng Xu , Furong Huang

The text generated by large language models is commonly controlled by prompting, where a prompt prepended to a user's query guides the model's output. The prompts used by companies to guide their models are often treated as secrets, to be…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-09 Yiming Zhang , Nicholas Carlini , Daphne Ippolito