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Transformer-based language models are trained on large datasets to predict the next token given an input sequence. Despite this simple training objective, they have led to revolutionary advances in natural language processing. Underlying…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-14 Yingcong Li , Yixiao Huang , M. Emrullah Ildiz , Ankit Singh Rawat , Samet Oymak

Transformers are slow and memory-hungry on long sequences, since the time and memory complexity of self-attention are quadratic in sequence length. Approximate attention methods have attempted to address this problem by trading off model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-24 Tri Dao , Daniel Y. Fu , Stefano Ermon , Atri Rudra , Christopher Ré

The transformer has revolutionized modern AI across language, vision, and beyond. It consists of $L$ layers, each running $H$ attention heads in parallel and feeding the combined output to the subsequent layer. In attention, the input…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2026-03-13 Barna Saha , Yinzhan Xu , Christopher Ye , Hantao Yu

In recent years, channel attention mechanism has been widely investigated due to its great potential in improving the performance of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in many vision tasks. However, in most of the existing methods,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-06-02 Yue Zhao , Junzhou Chen , Zirui Zhang , Ronghui Zhang

Transformers have become an indispensable module for text generation models since their great success in machine translation. Previous works attribute the~success of transformers to the query-key-value dot-product attention, which provides…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-11 Lei Sha , Yuhang Song , Yordan Yordanov , Tommaso Salvatori , Thomas Lukasiewicz

The transformer architecture is central to the success of modern Large Language Models (LLMs), in part due to its surprising ability to perform a wide range of tasks - including mathematical reasoning, memorization, and retrieval - using…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-05 Yihe Dong , Lorenzo Noci , Mikhail Khodak , Mufan Li

Transformer-based models are widely used in natural language processing (NLP). Central to the transformer model is the self-attention mechanism, which captures the interactions of token pairs in the input sequences and depends quadratically…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-19 Zhanpeng Zeng , Yunyang Xiong , Sathya N. Ravi , Shailesh Acharya , Glenn Fung , Vikas Singh

Transformers and their attention mechanism have been revolutionary in the field of Machine Learning. While originally proposed for the language data, they quickly found their way to the image, video, graph, etc. data modalities with various…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Saeed Amizadeh , Sara Abdali , Yinheng Li , Kazuhito Koishida

Transformers achieve state-of-the-art results across many tasks, but their uniform application of quadratic self-attention to every token at every layer makes them computationally expensive. We introduce DTRNet (Dynamic Token Routing…

As the core building block of vision transformers, attention is a powerful tool to capture long-range dependency. However, such power comes at a cost: it incurs a huge computation burden and heavy memory footprint as pairwise token…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-03-16 Lei Zhu , Xinjiang Wang , Zhanghan Ke , Wayne Zhang , Rynson Lau

Transformer-based models have emerged as a leading architecture for natural language processing, natural language generation, and image generation tasks. A fundamental element of the transformer architecture is self-attention, which allows…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Venmugil Elango

In the Transformer model, "self-attention" combines information from attended embeddings into the representation of the focal embedding in the next layer. Thus, across layers of the Transformer, information originating from different tokens…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-02 Samira Abnar , Willem Zuidema

The quadratic computational complexity of standard attention mechanisms presents a severe scalability bottleneck for LLMs in long-context scenarios. While hybrid attention mechanisms combining Full Attention (FA) and Sparse Attention (SA)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Quantong Qiu , Zhiyi Hong , Yi Yang , Haitian Wang , Kebin Liu , Qingqing Dang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

While modern Transformer-based language models (LMs) have achieved major success in multi-task generalization, they often struggle to capture long-range dependencies within their context window. This work introduces a novel approach using…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Alok N. Shah , Khush Gupta , Keshav Ramji , Pratik Chaudhari

Adaptive control of Euler-Lagrange systems is challenging when friction is governed by a finite-horizon internal state that is not directly observable from joint measurements. In this setting, the measured closed-loop state is no longer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Giansalvo Cirrincione , Adriano Fagiolini

Efficient inference on GPUs using large language models remains challenging due to memory bandwidth limitations, particularly during data transfers between High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) and SRAM in attention computations. Approximate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Nirav Koley , Prajwal Singhania , Abhinav Bhatele

The attention mechanism has been the core component in modern transformer architectures. However, the computation of standard full attention scales quadratically with the sequence length, serving as a major bottleneck in long-context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Yusheng Zhao , Hourun Li , Bohan Wu , Yichun Yin , Lifeng Shang , Jingyang Yuan , Meng Zhang , Ming Zhang

The Transformer architecture, a cornerstone of modern Large Language Models (LLMs), has achieved extraordinary success in sequence modeling, primarily due to its attention mechanism. However, despite its power, the standard attention…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Zichuan Fu , Wentao Song , Guojing Li , Yejing Wang , Xian Wu , Yimin Deng , Hanyu Yan , Yefeng Zheng , Xiangyu Zhao

The attention mechanism is considered the backbone of the widely-used Transformer architecture. It contextualizes the input by computing input-specific attention matrices. We find that this mechanism, while powerful and elegant, is not as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-08 Michael Hassid , Hao Peng , Daniel Rotem , Jungo Kasai , Ivan Montero , Noah A. Smith , Roy Schwartz

Despite the remarkable empirical performance of Transformers, their theoretical understanding remains elusive. Here, we consider a deep multi-head self-attention network, that is closely related to Transformers yet analytically tractable.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Lorenzo Tiberi , Francesca Mignacco , Kazuki Irie , Haim Sompolinsky