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This paper introduces MetaDefense, a novel framework for defending against finetuning-based jailbreak attacks in large language models (LLMs). We observe that existing defense mechanisms fail to generalize to harmful queries disguised by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Weisen Jiang , Sinno Jialin Pan

We study a new vulnerability in commercial-scale safety-aligned large language models (LLMs): their refusal to generate harmful responses can be broken by flipping only a few bits in model parameters. Our attack jailbreaks billion-parameter…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their growing power also amplifies potential risks such as jailbreak attacks that circumvent built-in safety mechanisms.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Qinjian Zhao , Jiaqi Wang , Zhiqiang Gao , Zhihao Dou , Belal Abuhaija , Kaizhu Huang

Jailbreak prompts pose a significant threat in AI and cybersecurity, as they are crafted to bypass ethical safeguards in large language models, potentially enabling misuse by cybercriminals. This paper analyzes jailbreak prompts from a…

Pluralism alignment with AI has the sophisticated and necessary goal of creating AI that can coexist with and serve morally multifaceted humanity. Research towards pluralism alignment has many efforts in enhancing the learning of large…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Ying Su , Mingen Zheng , Weili Diao , Haoran Li

Contextual priming, where earlier stimuli covertly bias later judgments, offers an unexplored attack surface for large language models (LLMs). We uncover a contextual priming vulnerability in which the previous response in the dialogue can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-24 Ziqi Miao , Lijun Li , Yuan Xiong , Zhenhua Liu , Pengyu Zhu , Jing Shao

The rise of conversational interfaces has greatly enhanced LLM usability by leveraging dialogue history for sophisticated reasoning. However, this reliance introduces an unexplored attack surface. This paper introduces Trojan Horse…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Wei Duan , Li Qian

Recent advancements in generative AI have enabled ubiquitous access to large language models (LLMs). Empowered by their exceptional capabilities to understand and generate human-like text, these models are being increasingly integrated into…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-02 Zhiyuan Yu , Xiaogeng Liu , Shunning Liang , Zach Cameron , Chaowei Xiao , Ning Zhang

The advancement of Pre-Trained Language Models (PTLMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to their widespread adoption across diverse applications. Despite their success, these models remain vulnerable to attacks that exploit their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-30 Mohamed Ahmed , Mohamed Abdelmouty , Mingyu Kim , Gunvanth Kandula , Alex Park , James C. Davis

Many-shot jailbreaking circumvents the safety alignment of LLMs by exploiting their ability to process long input sequences. To achieve this, the malicious target prompt is prefixed with hundreds of fabricated conversational exchanges…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-16 Avery Ma , Yangchen Pan , Amir-massoud Farahmand

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to multi-turn jailbreak attacks. We introduce HarmNet, a modular framework comprising ThoughtNet, a hierarchical semantic network; a feedback-driven Simulator for iterative query refinement;…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Sidhant Narula , Javad Rafiei Asl , Mohammad Ghasemigol , Eduardo Blanco , Daniel Takabi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks, yet they remain vulnerable to adversarial manipulations such as jailbreaking via prompt injection attacks. These attacks bypass safety mechanisms…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Xin Wei Chia , Swee Liang Wong , Jonathan Pan

In the past few years, Language Models (LMs) have shown par-human capabilities in several domains. Despite their practical applications and exceeding user consumption, they are susceptible to jailbreaks when malicious input exploits the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-18 Charlotte Siska , Anush Sankaran

Text-to-image (T2I) models such as Stable Diffusion have advanced rapidly and are now widely used in content creation. However, these models can be misused to generate harmful content, including nudity or violence, posing significant safety…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Zilong Wang , Xiang Zheng , Xiaosen Wang , Bo Wang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Recent research has shown that carefully crafted jailbreak inputs can induce large language models to produce harmful outputs, despite safety measures such as alignment. It is important to anticipate the range of potential Jailbreak attacks…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-24 Pedram Zaree , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Quazi Mishkatul Alam , Yue Dong , Ihsen Alouani , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Text-to-image (T2I) models have raised increasing safety concerns due to their capacity to generate NSFW and other banned objects. To mitigate these risks, safety filters and concept removal techniques have been introduced to block…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Xi Ye , Yiwen Liu , Lina Wang , Run Wang , Geying Yang , Yufei Hou , Jiayi Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular for their advanced text generation capabilities across various domains. However, like any software, they face security challenges, including the risk of 'jailbreak' attacks that…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-01-31 Jie Li , Yi Liu , Chongyang Liu , Ling Shi , Xiaoning Ren , Yaowen Zheng , Yang Liu , Yinxing Xue

Large language models (LLMs) generate human-aligned content under certain safety constraints. However, the current known technique ``jailbreak prompt'' can circumvent safety-aligned measures and induce LLMs to output malicious content.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-28 Xi Wang , Songlei Jian , Shasha Li , Xiaopeng Li , Bin Ji , Jun Ma , Xiaodong Liu , Jing Wang , Feilong Bao , Jianfeng Zhang , Baosheng Wang , Jie Yu

Diffusion models have recently achieved remarkable advancements in terms of image quality and fidelity to textual prompts. Concurrently, the safety of such generative models has become an area of growing concern. This work introduces a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Tong Liu , Zhixin Lai , Jiawen Wang , Gengyuan Zhang , Shuo Chen , Philip Torr , Vera Demberg , Volker Tresp , Jindong Gu

Safety alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) can be compromised with manual jailbreak attacks and (automatic) adversarial attacks. Recent studies suggest that defending against these attacks is possible: adversarial attacks generate…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-12-15 Sicheng Zhu , Ruiyi Zhang , Bang An , Gang Wu , Joe Barrow , Zichao Wang , Furong Huang , Ani Nenkova , Tong Sun