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Quantum state tomography (QST) remains the gold standard for benchmarking and verification of near-term quantum devices. While QST for a generic quantum many-body state requires an exponentially large amount of resources, most physical…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-08-15 Casey Jameson , Zhen Qin , Alireza Goldar , Michael B. Wakin , Zhihui Zhu , Zhexuan Gong

Quantum state tomography is the task of inferring the state of a quantum system by appropriate measurements. Since the frequency distributions of the outcomes of any finite number of measurements will generally deviate from their asymptotic…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-11-08 Matthias Christandl , Renato Renner

When working with quantum states, analysis of the final quantum state generated through probabilistic measurements is essential. This analysis is typically conducted by constructing the density matrix from either partial or full tomography…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-01-14 Rohit Prasad , Pratyay Ghosh , Ronny Thomale , Tobias Huber-Loyola

Quantum computers solve ever more complex tasks using steadily growing system sizes. Characterizing these quantum systems is vital, yet becoming increasingly challenging. The gold-standard is quantum state tomography (QST), capable of fully…

Quantum state tomography (QST) is a crucial tool for characterizing quantum states. However, QST becomes impractical for reconstructing multi-qubit density matrices since data sets and computational costs grow exponentially with qubit…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-02 Aniket Patel , Akshay Gaikwad , Tangyou Huang , Anton Frisk Kockum , Tahereh Abad

Quantum state tomography (QST) is a central task for quantum information processing, enabling quantum cryptography, computation, and state certification. Traditional QST relies on projective measurements of single- and two-qubit Pauli…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-17 Jeanne Bourgeois , Gianmichele Blasi , Géraldine Haack

Quantum state tomography is a daunting challenge of experimental quantum computing even in moderate system size. One way to boost the efficiency of state tomography is via local measurements on reduced density matrices, but the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-12-03 Tao Xin , Sirui Lu , Ningping Cao , Galit Anikeeva , Dawei Lu , Jun Li , Guilu Long , Bei Zeng

Quantum state tomography (QST), the process through which the density matrix of a quantum system is characterized from measurements of specific observables, is a fundamental pillar in the fields of quantum information and computation. In…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-01-30 J. L. Montenegro Ferreira , B. de Lima Bernardo

Quantum state tomography is an elementary tool to fully characterize an unknown quantum state. As the quantum hardware scales up in size, the standard quantum state tomography becomes increasingly challenging due to its exponentially…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-12-12 Lu Zhong , Chu Guo , Xiaoting Wang

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the process of reconstructing the complete state of a quantum system (mathematically described as a density matrix) through a series of different measurements. These measurements are performed on a number…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-01-08 Hailan Ma , Zhenhong Sun , Daoyi Dong , Dong Gong

Quantum state tomography (QST) represents an essential tool for the characterization, verification, and validation (QCVV) of quantum processors. Only for a few idealized scenarios, there are analytic results for the optimal measurement set…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-12-27 Violeta N. Ivanova-Rohling , Niklas Rohling , Guido Burkard

Quantum device characterization via state tomography plays an important role in both validating quantum hardware and processing quantum information, but it needs the exponential number of the measurements. For the systems with XX+YY-type…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-11-18 Tao Xin

The number of measurements required to reconstruct the states of quantum systems increases exponentially with the quantum system dimensions, which makes the state reconstruction of high-qubit quantum systems have a great challenge in…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-11-08 J. Yang , S. Cong , X. Liu , Z. Li , K. Li

Quantum state tomography (QST) is an essential tool for characterizing an unknown quantum state. Recently, QST has been performed for entangled qudits based on orbital angular momentum, time-energy uncertainty, and frequency bins. Here, we…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-02-14 Takuya Ikuta , Hiroki Takesue

The estimation of all the parameters in an unknown quantum state or measurement device, commonly known as quantum state tomography (QST) and quantum detector tomography (QDT), is crucial for comprehensively characterizing and controlling…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-02-18 Shuixin Xiao , Weichao Liang , Yuanlong Wang , Daoyi Dong , Ian R. Petersen , Valery Ugrinovskii

Quantum State Tomography (QST) has been the traditional method for characterization of an unknown state. Recently, many direct measurement methods have been implemented to reconstruct the state in a resource efficient way. In this letter,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-09-23 Surya Narayan Sahoo , Sanchari Chakraborti , Arun K. Pati , Urbasi Sinha

Quantum state tomography is the experimental procedure of determining an unknown state. It is not only essential for the verification of resources and processors of quantum information but is also important in its own right with regard to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-07-20 Mahn-Soo Choi

Quantum State Tomography (QST) is essential for characterizing and validating quantum systems, but its practical use is severely limited by the exponential growth of the Hilbert space and the number of measurements required for…

In the light of the progress in quantum technologies, the task of verifying the correct functioning of processes and obtaining accurate tomographic information about quantum states becomes increasingly important. Compressed sensing, a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-05-15 A. Steffens , C. Riofrio , W. McCutcheon , I. Roth , B. A. Bell , A. McMillan , M. S. Tame , J. G. Rarity , J. Eisert

With the capability to find the best fit to arbitrarily complicated data patterns, machine-learning (ML) enhanced quantum state tomography (QST) has demonstrated its advantages in extracting complete information about the quantum states.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-03-31 Hsien-Yi Hsieh , Jingyu Ning , Yi-Ru Chen , Hsun-Chung Wu , Hua Li Chen , Chien-Ming Wu , Ray-Kuang Lee