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External test-time reasoning enhances large language models (LLMs) by decoupling generation and selection. At inference time, the model generates multiple reasoning paths, and an auxiliary process reward model (PRM) is used to score and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Zeen Song , Wenwen Qiang , Siyu Zhao , Changwen Zheng , Gang Hua

LLMs can help humans working with long documents, but are known to hallucinate. Attribution can increase trust in LLM responses: The LLM provides evidence that supports its response, which enhances verifiability. Existing approaches to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-24 Jan Buchmann , Xiao Liu , Iryna Gurevych

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a widely used approach for leveraging external context in several natural language applications such as question answering and information retrieval. Yet, the exact nature in which a Language Model…

Retrieval augmented generation mitigates limitations of large language models in factual consistency and knowledge updating by introducing external knowledge. However, practical applications still suffer from semantic misalignment between…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Xin Chen , Saili Uday Gadgil , Jiarong Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) generate outputs by utilizing extensive context, which often includes redundant information from prompts, retrieved passages, and interaction history. In critical applications, it is vital to identify which…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Poushali Sengupta , Shashi Raj Pandey , Sabita Maharjan , Frank Eliassen

The availability of large pre-trained models is changing the landscape of Machine Learning research and practice, moving from a training-from-scratch to a fine-tuning paradigm. While in some applications the goal is to "nudge" the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-15 Tomasz Korbak , Hady Elsahar , Germán Kruszewski , Marc Dymetman

While language models (LMs) have proven remarkably adept at generating code, many programs are challenging for LMs to generate using their parametric knowledge alone. Providing external contexts such as library documentation can facilitate…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Zora Zhiruo Wang , Akari Asai , Xinyan Velocity Yu , Frank F. Xu , Yiqing Xie , Graham Neubig , Daniel Fried

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in socially sensitive applications, yet their behavior with respect to disability remains underexplored. We study disability aware descriptions for person centric images, where models…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Srikant Panda , Sourabh Singh Yadav , Palkesh Malviya

Long-horizon interactions require language models to manage accumulating information: when to update their state, when to preserve their state, and what to ignore. We study this challenge as \textbf{Contextual Belief Management (CBM)}:…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Haoming Xu , Weihong Xu , Zongrui Li , Mengru Wang , Yunzhi Yao , Chiyu Wu , Jin Shang , Yu Gong , Shumin Deng

In recent years, neural networks have demonstrated their remarkable ability to discern intricate patterns and relationships from raw data. However, understanding the inner workings of these black box models remains challenging, yet crucial…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-04-18 Niklas Koenen , Marvin N. Wright

Retrieval Augmented Language Models (RALMs) have gained significant attention for their ability to generate accurate answer and improve efficiency. However, RALMs are inherently vulnerable to imperfect information due to their reliance on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Seong-Il Park , Jay-Yoon Lee

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a widely adopted approach to mitigate the limitations of large language models (LLMs) in answering domain-specific questions. Previous research has predominantly focused on improving the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-07 Mohammad Hassan Heydari , Arshia Hemmat , Erfan Naman , Afsaneh Fatemi

Ensuring the verifiability of model answers is a fundamental challenge for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) in the question answering (QA) domain. Recently, self-citation prompting was proposed to make large language models (LLMs)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-02 Jirui Qi , Gabriele Sarti , Raquel Fernández , Arianna Bisazza

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have become de fact state-of-the-art for the main computer vision tasks. However, due to the complex underlying structure their decisions are hard to understand which limits their use in some context of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-07-02 Nina Schaaf , Omar de Mitri , Hang Beom Kim , Alexander Windberger , Marco F. Huber

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances factual grounding in large language models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved evidence, but LLM accuracy declines when long or noisy contexts exceed the model's effective attention span. Existing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Debashish Chakraborty , Eugene Yang , Daniel Khashabi , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

Where do learning signals come from when there is no ground truth in post-training? We show that inference compute itself can serve as supervision. By generating parallel rollouts and converting them into reference estimates, models can…

Inference-time scaling can amplify reasoning pathologies: sycophancy, rung collapse, and premature certainty. We present RAudit, a diagnostic protocol for auditing LLM reasoning without ground truth access. The key constraint is blindness:…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Edward Y. Chang , Longling Geng

As deep vision models' popularity rapidly increases, there is a growing emphasis on explanations for model predictions. The inherently explainable attribution method aims to enhance the understanding of model behavior by identifying the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-07 Xianren Zhang , Dongwon Lee , Suhang Wang

Reliable reward models (RMs) are critical for ensuring the safe alignment of large language models (LLMs). However, current RM evaluation methods focus solely on preference perception accuracies in given specific scenarios, obscuring the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Jianxiang Zang , Yongda Wei , Ruxue Bai , Shiyu Jiang , Nijia Mo , Binhong Li , Qiang Sun , Hui Liu

Pretrained large Language Models (LLMs) are able to answer questions that are unlikely to have been encountered during training. However a diversity of potential applications exist in the broad domain of reasoning systems and considerations…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Tim Hartill