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We present speculative sampling, an algorithm for accelerating transformer decoding by enabling the generation of multiple tokens from each transformer call. Our algorithm relies on the observation that the latency of parallel scoring of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-02-03 Charlie Chen , Sebastian Borgeaud , Geoffrey Irving , Jean-Baptiste Lespiau , Laurent Sifre , John Jumper

Efficient LLM inference on resource-constrained devices presents significant challenges in compute and memory utilization. Due to limited GPU memory, existing systems offload model weights to CPU memory, incurring substantial I/O overhead…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-22 Xiangwen Zhuge , Xu Shen , Zeyu Wang , Fan Dang , Xuan Ding , Danyang Li , Yahui Han , Tianxiang Hao , Zheng Yang

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive reasoning capabilities across vision-language tasks, yet still face the challenge of compute-difficulty mismatch. Through empirical analyses, we identify that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Huijie Guo , Jingyao Wang , Lingyu Si , Jiahuan Zhou , Changwen Zheng , Wenwen Qiang

Speculative decoding is commonly used for reducing the inference latency of large language models. Its effectiveness depends highly on the speculation lookahead (SL)-the number of tokens generated by the draft model at each iteration. In…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-08 Jonathan Mamou , Oren Pereg , Daniel Korat , Moshe Berchansky , Nadav Timor , Moshe Wasserblat , Roy Schwartz

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities in general coding tasks but encounter two key challenges when optimizing code: (i) the complexity of writing optimized code (such as performant CUDA kernels and competition-level…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-12 Jiefu Ou , Sapana Chaudhary , Kaj Bostrom , Nathaniel Weir , Shuai Zhang , Huzefa Rangwala , George Karypis

Scaling inference-time compute for Large Language Models (LLMs) has unlocked unprecedented reasoning capabilities. However, existing inference-time scaling methods typically rely on inefficient and suboptimal discrete search algorithms or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Peihao Wang , Ruisi Cai , Zhen Wang , Hongyuan Mei , Qiang Liu , Pan Li , Zhangyang Wang

Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates language model inference by drafting tokens from a cheap proposal model and verifying them against an expensive target model via rejection sampling. Because rejection truncates the draft block at the…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly needed for interactive mobile applications, but high-quality models exceed the limited DRAM available on smartphones. Flash storage can hold larger models, yet flash-backed inference is slow…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Tuowei Wang , Fengzu Li , Yanfan Sun , Wei Gao , Ju Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in general-purpose code generation. However, generating the code which is deeply hardware-specific, architecture-aware, and performance-critical, especially for massively…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Wentao Chen , Jiace Zhu , Qi Fan , Yehan Ma , An Zou

Large Language Model (LLM)-based generative recommendation has achieved notable success, yet its practical deployment is costly particularly due to excessive inference latency caused by autoregressive decoding. For lossless LLM decoding…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-02-27 Xinyu Lin , Chaoqun Yang , Wenjie Wang , Yongqi Li , Cunxiao Du , Fuli Feng , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) significantly improve the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) by learning to reason, exhibiting promising performance in solving complex tasks. However, their deliberative reasoning process leads…

Explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning substantially improves the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), but incurs high inference cost due to lengthy autoregressive traces. Existing latent reasoning methods offer a promising…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Hui Xie , Jie Liu , Ziyue Qiao , Joaquin Vanschore

Reducing the key-value (KV) cache burden in Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly accelerates inference. Dynamically selecting critical KV caches during decoding helps maintain performance. Existing methods use random linear hashing to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Wenhao Li , Yuxin Zhang , Gen Luo , Haiyuan Wan , Ziyang Gong , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Attention is the dominant source of latency during long-context LLM inference, an increasingly popular workload with reasoning models and RAG. We propose Kascade, a training-free sparse attention method that leverages known observations…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Dhruv Deshmukh , Saurabh Goyal , Nipun Kwatra , Ramachandran Ramjee

Speculative decoding aims to speed up autoregressive generation of a language model by verifying in parallel the tokens generated by a smaller draft model.In this work, we explore the effectiveness of learning-free, negligible-cost draft…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-07 Lawrence Stewart , Matthew Trager , Sujan Kumar Gonugondla , Stefano Soatto

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results on complex reasoning tasks, but their high inference cost remains a major barrier to real-world deployment. A promising solution is to use cascaded inference, where small, cheap…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Antonios Valkanas , Soumyasundar Pal , Pavel Rumiantsev , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates

Test-time compute has emerged as a powerful paradigm for improving the performance of large language models (LLMs), where generating multiple outputs or refining individual chains can significantly boost answer accuracy. However, existing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Sheng Liu , Tianlang Chen , Pan Lu , Haotian Ye , Yizheng Chen , Lei Xing , James Zou

Autoregressive Language Models instantiate a factorized likelihood over token sequences, yet their strictly sequential decoding process imposes an intrinsic lower bound on inference latency. This bottleneck has emerged as a central obstacle…

RL post-training of frontier language models is increasingly bottlenecked by autoregressive rollout generation, making rollout acceleration a central systems challenge. Many existing efficiency methods improve throughput by changing the…