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Recent verification tools aim to make formal verification more accessible to software engineers by automating most of the verification process. However, annotating conventional programs with the formal specification and verification…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 João Pascoal Faria , Emanuel Trigo , Vinicius Honorato , Rui Abreu

Validation is a central activity when developing formal specifications. Similarly to coding, a possible validation technique is to define upfront test cases or scenarios that a future specification should satisfy or not. Unfortunately,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 Alcino Cunha , Nuno Macedo

Training models through self-play alone (without any human data) has been a longstanding goal in AI, but its effectiveness for training large language models remains unclear, particularly in code generation where rewards based on unit tests…

Ensuring that API implementations and usage comply with natural language programming rules is critical for software correctness, security, and reliability. Formal verification can provide strong guarantees but requires precise…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Shihao Xia , Mengting He , Haomin Jia , Linhai Song

We introduce OSVBench, a new benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) on the task of generating complete formal specifications for verifying the functional correctness of operating system kernels. This benchmark is built upon a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Shangyu Li , Juyong Jiang , Tiancheng Zhao , Jiasi Shen

Recent advances in large language models have improved code generation, but their use in hardware description languages is still limited. Moreover, training data and testbenches for these models are often scarce. This paper presents a…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Mu-Chi Chen , Po-Hsuan Huang , Yu-Hung Kao , Yen-Fu Liu , Yu-Kai Hung , Cheng Liang , Shao-Chun Ho , Chia-Heng Tu , Shih-Hao Hung

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance their reasoning capabilities through feedback. A critical challenge is verifying the consistency of model-generated responses and reference answers,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Xuzhao Li , Xuchen Li , Shiyu Hu , Yongzhen Guo , Wentao Zhang

The paper studies how code generation by LLMs can be combined with formal verification to produce critical embedded software. The first contribution is a general framework, spec2code, in which LLMs are combined with different types of…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-11-21 Minal Suresh Patil , Gustav Ung , Mattias Nyberg

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) suggest great promises in code and proof generations. However, scaling automated formal verification to real-world projects requires resolving cross-module dependencies and global…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Si Cheng Zhong , Xujie Si

Autonomous AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, where reliable and robust behavior is critical. However, existing agent evaluation frameworks either rely heavily on manual…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Syed Yusuf Ahmed , Shiwei Feng , Chanwoo Bae , Calix Barrus Xiangyu Zhang

Evaluating statement autoformalization, translating natural language mathematics into formal languages like Lean 4, remains a significant challenge, with few metrics, datasets, and standards to robustly measure progress. In this work, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Auguste Poiroux , Gail Weiss , Viktor Kunčak , Antoine Bosselut

Hardware verification is one of the most challenging stages of the hardware design process, requiring significant time and resources to ensure a design is fully validated and production-ready. Verification teams aim to maximize design…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Sean Lowe , Elias Hilaneh , Alma Babbit , Nakul Gopalan , Vidya Chhabria , Aman Arora

Large language models for code generation increasingly rely on synthetic data, where both problem solutions and verification tests are generated by models. While this enables scalable data creation, it introduces a previously unexplored…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Srishti Gureja , Elena Tommasone , Jingyi He , Sara Hooker , Matthias Gallé , Marzieh Fadaee

The primary goal of Design Verification (DV) is to ensure that a proposed chip design implementation (either in code, or physical form) exactly matches its specification and is free of functional errors in order to avoid costly re-designs.…

Requirements elicitation and specification remains a labor-intensive, manual process prone to inconsistencies and gaps, presenting a significant challenge in modern software engineering. Emerging studies underscore the potential of…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Mohammad Kasra Habib , Daniel Graziotin , Stefan Wagner

Large language models (LLM) are perceived to offer promising potentials for automating security tasks, such as those found in security operation centers (SOCs). As a first step towards evaluating this perceived potential, we investigate the…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant advancements in reasoning and agent-based problem-solving, current evaluation methodologies fail to adequately assess their capabilities: existing benchmarks either rely on…

Modern Large Language Model (LLM) agents promise end to end assistance with real-world software tasks, yet existing benchmarks evaluate LLM agents almost exclusively in pre-baked environments where every dependency is pre-installed. To fill…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Avi Arora , Jinu Jang , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong coding capabilities but still struggle to solve competitive programming problems correctly in a single attempt. Execution-based re-ranking offers a promising test-time scaling strategy,…

Autoformalization, the process of translating informal statements into formal logic, has gained renewed interest with the emergence of powerful Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs show promise in generating structured outputs from…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Mihir Gupte , Ramesh S