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Post-training techniques combined with inference-time scaling significantly enhance the reasoning and alignment capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, a fundamental tension arises: inference-time methods benefit from diverse…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Changhao Li , Yuchen Zhuang , Chenxiao Gao , Haotian Sun , Rushi Qiang , Chao Zhang , Bo Dai

Skill-based reinforcement learning (RL) approaches have shown considerable promise, especially in solving long-horizon tasks via hierarchical structures. These skills, learned task-agnostically from offline datasets, can accelerate the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-23 Woo Kyung Kim , Minjong Yoo , Honguk Woo

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve explicit chain-of-thought expansion by imitating deep thinking behaviors of humans, demonstrating excellent performance in complex task scenarios. However, the deep-thinking mode often leads to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Qian Wan , Ziao Xu , Luona Wei , Xiaoxuan Shen , Jianwen Sun

Mastering deep reinforcement learning (DRL) proves challenging in tasks featuring scant rewards. These limited rewards merely signify whether the task is partially or entirely accomplished, necessitating various exploration actions before…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-11 Guojian Wang , Faguo Wu , Xiao Zhang

Text-to-image diffusion models deliver high-quality images, yet aligning them with human preferences remains challenging. We revisit diffusion-based Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) for these models and identify a critical pathology:…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-03 Minghao Fu , Guo-Hua Wang , Tianyu Cui , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang

Recent large reasoning models (LRMs) driven by reinforcement learning algorithms (e.g., GRPO) have achieved remarkable performance on challenging reasoning tasks. However, these models suffer from overthinking, generating unnecessarily long…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Gang Li , Yan Chen , Ming Lin , Tianbao Yang

Improving the multi-step reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) with offline reinforcement learning (RL) is essential for quickly adapting them to complex tasks. While Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has shown promise in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-30 Huaijie Wang , Shibo Hao , Hanze Dong , Shenao Zhang , Yilin Bao , Ziran Yang , Yi Wu

We present Anchored Direct Preference Optimization (ADPO), a policy alignment method derived from first principles of KL-regularized reinforcement learning. Unlike standard approaches that treat the reference policy merely as a regularizer,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Wang Zixian

One of the key challenges that Reinforcement Learning (RL) faces is its limited capability to adapt to a change of data distribution caused by uncertainties. This challenge arises especially in RL systems using deep neural networks as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Amornyos Horprasert , Esa Apriaskar , Xingyu Liu , Lanlan Su , Lyudmila S. Mihaylova

Hierarchical reinforcement learning is a promising approach to tackle long-horizon decision-making problems with sparse rewards. Unfortunately, most methods still decouple the lower-level skill acquisition process and the training of a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-05-15 Alexander C. Li , Carlos Florensa , Ignasi Clavera , Pieter Abbeel

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can be divided into two classes: model-free algorithms, which are sample-inefficient, and model-based algorithms, which suffer from model bias. Dyna-style algorithms combine these two approaches by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-17 Yansong Li , Zeyu Dong , Ertai Luo , Yu Wu , Shuo Wu , Shuo Han

The policy gradient method enjoys the simplicity of the objective where the agent optimizes the cumulative reward directly. Moreover, in the continuous action domain, parameterized distribution of action distribution allows easy control of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-12-16 Md Masudur Rahman , Yexiang Xue

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating realistic and versatile images from text prompts. Inspired by the recent advancements of language models, there is an increasing interest in further improving the models by…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Binxu Li , Minkai Xu , Jiaqi Han , Meihua Dang , Stefano Ermon

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) methods are succeeding in a growing number of tasks, aided by recent advances in deep learning. However, they tend to suffer from high sample complexity, which hinders their use in real-world domains.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-10-08 Thanard Kurutach , Ignasi Clavera , Yan Duan , Aviv Tamar , Pieter Abbeel

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) is a crucial approach to enhance the generalization capabilities and improve the sample efficiency of RL algorithms. However, current MBRL methods focus primarily on building world models for single…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Xuantang Xiong , Ni Mu , Runpeng Xie , Senhao Yang , Yaqing Wang , Lexiang Wang , Yao Luan , Siyuan Li , Shuang Xu , Yiqin Yang , Bo Xu

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has experienced significant advancements in recent years and has been widely used in many fields. In DRL-based robotic policy learning, however, current de facto policy parameterization is still…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-03-13 Diyuan Shi , Yiqi Tang , Zifeng Zhuang , Donglin Wang

Model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to find highly rewarding policy, by leveraging a previously collected static dataset and a dynamics model. While the dynamics model learned through reuse of the static dataset, its…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-01 Kaiyang Guo , Yunfeng Shao , Yanhui Geng

Policy Mirror Descent (PMD) is a powerful and theoretically sound methodology for sequential decision-making. However, it is not directly applicable to Reinforcement Learning (RL) due to the inaccessibility of explicit action-value…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-01 Pietro Novelli , Marco Pratticò , Massimiliano Pontil , Carlo Ciliberto

As language models become increasingly capable, users expect them to provide not only accurate responses but also behaviors aligned with diverse human preferences across a variety of scenarios. To achieve this, Reinforcement learning (RL)…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful tool for aligning diffusion models with human preferences, typically by optimizing a single reward function under a KL regularization constraint. In practice, however, human preferences…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Qi Zhang , Dawei Wang , Shaofeng Zou