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Efficient key-value (KV) cache management is crucial for the practical deployment of large language models (LLMs), yet existing compression techniques often incur a trade-off between performance degradation and computational overhead. We…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Jang-Hyun Kim , Dongyoon Han , Sangdoo Yun

Multimodal Large Language Models face severe challenges in computational efficiency and memory consumption due to the substantial expansion of the visual KV cache when processing long visual contexts. Existing KV cache compression methods…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Sihao Liu , YuFan Xiong , Zhonghua Jiang , Zhaode Wang , chengfei lv Shengyu Zhang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) cache context as key-value (KV) pairs during inference. As context length grows, KV cache sizes expand, leading to substantial memory overhead and increased attention latency. This paper…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Jang-Hyun Kim , Jinuk Kim , Sangwoo Kwon , Jae W. Lee , Sangdoo Yun , Hyun Oh Song

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly boosted long-context processing. However, the increasing key-value (KV) cache size poses critical challenges to memory and execution efficiency. Most KV cache compression…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Xiaolin Lin , Jingcun Wang , Olga Kondrateva , Yiyu Shi , Bing Li , Grace Li Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) based on Transformer Decoders have become the preferred choice for conversational generative AI. Despite the overall superiority of the Decoder architecture, the gradually increasing Key-Value (KV) cache during…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-16 Luohe Shi , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Guoming Liu , Baoyuan Qi , Hai Zhao

How to efficiently serve LLMs in practice has become exceptionally challenging due to their prohibitive memory and computation requirements. In this study, we investigate optimizing the KV cache, whose memory footprint poses a critical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Akshat Sharma , Hangliang Ding , Jianping Li , Neel Dani , Minjia Zhang

Key-Value (KV) cache has become a de facto component of modern Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) for inference. While it enhances decoding efficiency in Large Language Models (LLMs), its direct adoption in LVLMs introduces substantial…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Xihao Chen , Yangyang Guo , Roger Zimmermann

With the development of large language models (LLMs), efficient inference through Key-Value (KV) cache compression has attracted considerable attention, especially for long-context generation. To compress the KV cache, recent methods…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Qingyue Yang , Jie Wang , Xing Li , Zhihai Wang , Chen Chen , Lei Chen , Xianzhi Yu , Wulong Liu , Jianye Hao , Mingxuan Yuan , Bin Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in long-context tasks such as reasoning, code generation, and multi-turn dialogue. However, inference over extended contexts is bottlenecked by the Key-Value (KV) cache, whose memory…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Seonghwan Choi , Beomseok Kang , Dongwon Jo , Jae-Joon Kim

With the widespread deployment of long-context large language models (LLMs), there has been a growing demand for efficient support of high-throughput inference. However, as the key-value (KV) cache expands with the sequence length, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-29 Hanshi Sun , Li-Wen Chang , Wenlei Bao , Size Zheng , Ningxin Zheng , Xin Liu , Harry Dong , Yuejie Chi , Beidi Chen

In Large Language Model (LLM) inference, Key-Value (KV) caches (KV-caches) are essential for reducing time complexity. However, they result in a linear increase in GPU memory as the context length grows. While recent work explores KV-cache…

The quadratic complexity of the attention mechanism and the substantial memory footprint of the Key-Value (KV) cache present severe computational and memory challenges for Large Language Models (LLMs) processing long contexts. Existing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Dongfang Li , Zixuan Liu , Gang Lin , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) rely on key-value (KV) caching to avoid redundant computation during autoregressive inference. While this mechanism greatly improves efficiency, the cache size grows linearly with the input…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Jinwoo Ahn , Ingyu Seong , Akhil Kedia , Junhan Kim , Hyemi Jang , Kangwook Lee , Yongkweon Jeon

While long context support of large language models has extended their abilities, it also incurs challenges in memory and compute which becomes crucial bottlenecks in resource-restricted devices. Token eviction, a widely adopted…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Raghavv Goel , Junyoung Park , Mukul Gagrani , Dalton Jones , Matthew Morse , Harper Langston , Mingu Lee , Chris Lott

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, the demand for higher quality and faster processing of long contexts across various applications is growing. KV cache is widely adopted as it stores previously generated key and value…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Yingxin Li , Ye Li , Yuan Meng , Xinzhu Ma , Zihan Geng , Shutao Xia , Zhi Wang

The Key-Value (KV) cache reading latency increases significantly with context lengths, hindering the efficiency of long-context LLM inference. To address this, previous works propose retaining a small fraction of KV cache based on token…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2025-09-18 Dongwei Wang , Zijie Liu , Song Wang , Yuxin Ren , Jianing Deng , Jingtong Hu , Tianlong Chen , Huanrui Yang

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is increasingly constrained by memory bandwidth, with frequent access to the key-value (KV) cache dominating data movement. While attention sparsity reduces some memory traffic, the relevance of past…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-09-16 Yunhua Fang , Rui Xie , Asad Ul Haq , Linsen Ma , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Naigang Wang , Meng Wang , Liu Liu , Tong Zhang

The Key-Value (KV) cache is a crucial component in serving transformer-based autoregressive large language models (LLMs), enabling faster inference by storing previously computed KV vectors. However, its memory consumption scales linearly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-07 Rongzhi Zhang , Kuang Wang , Liyuan Liu , Shuohang Wang , Hao Cheng , Chao Zhang , Yelong Shen

The Key-Value (KV) cache is integral to efficient autoregressive inference in large language models (LLMs), yet its unbounded growth in stateful multi-turn scenarios presents major challenges. This paper examines the interplay between KV…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Pratik Poudel

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on long-context tasks, but are often bottlenecked by memory constraints. Namely, the KV cache, which is used to significantly speed up attention computations, grows…