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Metamorphic Relations (MRs) serve as a foundational mechanism for generating semantically equivalent mutations. Software engineering has advanced significantly in recent years with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Mostafijur Rahman Akhond , Gias Uddin

Metamorphic testing (MT) has proven to be a successful solution to automating testing and addressing the oracle problem. However, it entails manually deriving metamorphic relations (MRs) and converting them into an executable form; these…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-10-14 Seung Yeob Shin , Fabrizio Pastore , Domenico Bianculli , Alexandra Baicoianu

Using large language models (LLMs) to perform natural language processing (NLP) tasks has become increasingly pervasive in recent times. The versatile nature of LLMs makes them applicable to a wide range of such tasks. While the performance…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-01-12 Steven Cho , Stefano Ruberto , Valerio Terragni

As REST APIs become an increasingly significant part of software systems, their validation is becoming more critical. Hence, testing and uncovering underlying issues are of utmost importance for improving software quality. However, testing…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Shehroz Khan , Abdullah Mughees , Gaadha Sudheerbabu , Tanwir Ahmad , Dragos Truscan

Metamorphic Testing (MT) addresses the test oracle problem by examining the relationships between input-output pairs in consecutive executions of the System Under Test (SUT). These relations, known as Metamorphic Relations (MRs), specify…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-10-23 Alejandra Duque-Torres , Dietmar Pfahl

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) are safety-critical, where failures can be severe. While Metamorphic Testing (MT) is effective for fault detection in ADS, existing methods rely heavily on manual effort and lack automation. We present…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Linfeng Liang , Chenkai Tan , Yao Deng , Yingfeng Cai , T. Y Chen , Xi Zheng

We propose a human in the loop approach for black-box testing of Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs) using Large Language Models (LLMs). The goal is to reduce the manual effort in defining test scenarios for dynamic simulation models and to…

Large language models (LLMs) have introduced substantial challenges to software quality assurance due to their generative, probabilistic, and open-ended nature, which intensifies the oracle problem and limits the applicability of…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Zheng Zheng , Zenghui Zhou , Yinwang Xu , Daixu Ren , Tsong Yueh Chen

Automated testing is essential for evaluating and improving the reliability of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet the lack of automated oracles for verifying output correctness remains a key challenge. We present LLMORPH, an automated…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Steven Cho , Stefano Ruberto , Valerio Terragni

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a vast design space, and as such, computational simulations play a critical role in predicting their structural and physicochemical properties. However, MOF simulations remain difficult to access…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Jaewoong Lee , Taeun Bae , Jihan Kim

With the widespread application of LLM-based dialogue systems in daily life, quality assurance has become more important than ever. Recent research has successfully introduced methods to identify unexpected behaviour in single-turn testing…

Metamorphic testing seeks to verify software in the absence of test oracles. Our application domain is ocean system modeling, where test oracles rarely exist, but where symmetries of the simulated physical systems are known. The input data…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-03-18 Dilip Jagadeeshwarswamy Hiremath , Martin Claus , Wilhelm Hasselbring , Willi Rath

Deep learning (DL) frameworks are essential to DL-based software systems, and framework bugs may lead to substantial disasters, thus requiring effective testing. Researchers adopt DL models or single interfaces as test inputs and analyze…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Yanzhou Mu , Juan Zhai , Chunrong Fang , Xiang Chen , Zhixiang Cao , Peiran Yang , Kexin Zhao , An Guo , Zhenyu Chen

Large-Language Models (LLMs) have shifted the paradigm of natural language data processing. However, their black-boxed and probabilistic characteristics can lead to potential risks in the quality of outputs in diverse LLM applications.…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-12-12 Sangwon Hyun , Mingyu Guo , M. Ali Babar

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are multimodal robotic task controllers that, given an instruction and visual inputs, produce a sequence of low-level control actions (or motor commands) enabling a robot to execute the requested task in…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Pablo Valle , Sergio Segura , Shaukat Ali , Aitor Arrieta

Metamorphic testing seeks to validate software in the absence of test oracles. Our application domain is ocean modeling, where test oracles often do not exist, but where symmetries of the simulated physical systems are known. In this short…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2020-09-04 Dilip J. Hiremath , Martin Claus , Wilhelm Hasselbring , Willi Rath

Metamorphic testing (MT) is widely used for testing programs that face the oracle problem. It uses a set of metamorphic relations (MRs), which are relations among multiple inputs and their corresponding outputs to determine whether the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-09-22 Madhusudan Srinivasan , Upulee Kanewala

Metamorphic Testing (MT) addresses the test oracle problem by examining the relations between inputs and outputs of test executions. Such relations are known as Metamorphic Relations (MRs). In current practice, identifying and selecting…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-07-28 Alejandra Duque-Torres , Dietmar Pfahl , Rudolf Ramler , Claus Klammer

Metamorphic Testing (MT) is a testing technique that can effectively alleviate the oracle problem. MT uses Metamorphic Relations (MRs) to determine if a test case passes or fails. MRs specify how the outputs should vary in response to…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-05-19 Alejandra Duque-Torres , Dietmar Pfahl , Claus Klammer , Stefan Fischer

The recent advancements of the automotive sector demand robust co-simulation methodologies that enable early validation and seamless integration across hardware and software domains. However, the lack of standardized interfaces and the…

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