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Performing large calculations with a quantum computer will likely require a fault-tolerant architecture based on quantum error-correcting codes. The challenge is to design practical quantum error-correcting codes that perform well against…

Tailoring quantum error correction codes (QECC) to biased noise has demonstrated significant benefits. However, most of the prior research on this topic has focused on code capacity noise models. Furthermore, a no-go theorem prevents the…

Biased-noise qubits, in which one type of error (e.g. $X$- and $Y$-type errors) is significantly suppressed relative to the other (e.g. $Z$-type errors), can significantly reduce the overhead of quantum error correction. Codes such as the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-19 Peter Shanahan , Diego Ruiz

Quantum error correction is of crucial importance for fault-tolerant quantum computers. As an essential step towards the implementation of quantum error-correcting codes, quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements are needed to efficiently…

Fault-tolerant quantum computation traditionally incurs substantial resource overhead, with both qubit and time overheads scaling polylogarithmically with the size of the computation. While prior work by Gottesman showed that constant qubit…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-03 Matthias Christandl , Omar Fawzi , Ashutosh Goswami

Certain types of quantum computing platforms, such as those realized using Rydberg atoms or Kerr-cat qubits, are natively more susceptible to Pauli-Z noise than Pauli-X noise, or vice versa. On such hardware, it is useful to ensure that…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-11-11 Debadrito Roy , Aryaman Manish Kolhe , V. Lalitha , Navin Kashyap

The requirements for fault-tolerant quantum error correction can be simplified by leveraging structure in the noise of the underlying hardware. In this work, we identify a new type of structured noise motivated by neutral atom qubits,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-10-31 Kaavya Sahay , Junlan Jin , Jahan Claes , Jeff D. Thompson , Shruti Puri

In the near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, high noise will significantly reduce the fidelity of quantum computing. Besides, the noise on quantum devices is not stable. This leads to a challenging problem: At run-time, is…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-09-13 Zhirui Hu , Robert Wolle , Mingzhen Tian , Qiang Guan , Travis Humble , Weiwen Jiang

The development of robust architectures capable of large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation should consider both their quantum error-correcting codes, and the underlying physical qubits upon which they are built, in tandem. Following…

In some quantum computing architectures, Pauli noise is highly biased. Tailoring Quantum error-correcting codes to the biased noise may benefit reducing the physical qubit overhead without reducing the logical error rate. In this paper, we…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-01-29 Zhipeng Liang , Fusheng Yang , Zhengzhong Yi , Xuan Wang

Quantum computation holds the promise of solving certain complex problems exponentially faster than classical computers. However, the high prevalent noise in current quantum devices impedes the accurate execution of even basic algorithms.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-13 Prithviraj Prabhu

We construct a fault-tolerant quantum error-correcting protocol based on a qubit encoded in a large spin qudit using a spin-cat code, analogous to the continuous variable cat encoding. With this, we can correct the dominant error sources,…

Bosonic cat qubits stabilized by two-photon driven dissipation benefit from exponential suppression of bit-flip errors and an extensive set of gates preserving this protection. These properties make them promising building blocks of a…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is considered a deciding component in enabling practical quantum computing. Stabilizer codes, and in particular topological surface codes, are promising candidates for implementing QEC by redundantly encoding…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-12 Josias Old , Stephan Tasler , Michael J. Hartmann , Markus Müller

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction is essential for implementing quantum algorithms of significant practical importance. In this work, we propose a highly effective use of the surface-GKP code, i.e., the surface code consisting of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-02-01 Kyungjoo Noh , Christopher Chamberland , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão

The code capacity threshold for error correction using qubits which exhibit asymmetric or biased noise channels is known to be much higher than with qubits without such structured noise. However, it is unclear how much this improvement…

Quantum hardware rarely suffers equal amounts of bit-flip ($X$) and phase-flip ($Z$) errors; one type is often much more common than the other. A code that is ``bias-tailored'' can exploit this imbalance, lowering the fault-tolerance…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-07-04 Shixin Wu , Todd A. Brun , Daniel A. Lidar

A remarkable characteristic of quantum computing is the potential for reliable computation despite faulty qubits. This can be achieved through quantum error correction, which is typically implemented by repeatedly applying static syndrome…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-06-23 Alec Eickbusch , Matt McEwen , Volodymyr Sivak , Alexandre Bourassa , Juan Atalaya , Jahan Claes , Dvir Kafri , Craig Gidney , Christopher W. Warren , Jonathan Gross , Alex Opremcak , Nicholas Zobrist , Kevin C. Miao , Gabrielle Roberts , Kevin J. Satzinger , Andreas Bengtsson , Matthew Neeley , William P. Livingston , Alex Greene , Rajeev Acharya , Laleh Aghababaie Beni , Georg Aigeldinger , Ross Alcaraz , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Ryan Babbush , Brian Ballard , Joseph C. Bardin , Alexander Bilmes , Jenna Bovaird , Dylan Bowers , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , David A. Browne , Brett Buchea , Bob B. Buckley , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Anthony Cabrera , Juan Campero , Hung-Shen Chang , Ben Chiaro , Liang-Ying Chih , Agnetta Y. Cleland , Josh Cogan , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Sayan Das , Alexander Del Toro Barba , Sean Demura , Laura De Lorenzo , Agustin Di Paolo , Paul Donohoe , Ilya K. Drozdov , Andrew Dunsworth , Aviv Moshe Elbag , Mahmoud Elzouka , Catherine Erickson , Vinicius S. Ferreira , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Suhas Ganjam , Gonzalo Garcia , Robert Gasca , Élie Genois , William Giang , Dar Gilboa , Raja Gosula , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Dietrich Graumann , Tan Ha , Steve Habegger , Michael C. Hamilton , Monica Hansen , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Stephen Heslin , Paula Heu , Oscar Higgott , Reno Hiltermann , Jeremy Hilton , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Xiaoxuan Jin , Cody Jones , Chaitali Joshi , Pavol Juhas , Andreas Kabel , Hui Kang , Amir H. Karamlou , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Trupti Khaire , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Seon Kim , Bryce Kobrin , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , John Mark Kreikebaum , Vladislav D. Kurilovich , David Landhuis , Tiano Lange-Dei , Brandon W. Langley , Kim-Ming Lau , Justin Ledford , Kenny Lee , Brian J. Lester , Loïck Le Guevel , Wing Yan Li , Alexander T. Lill , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Daniel Lundahl , Aaron Lunt , Sid Madhuk , Ashley Maloney , Salvatore Mandrà , Leigh S. Martin , Orion Martin , Cameron Maxfield , Jarrod R. McClean , Seneca Meeks , Anthony Megrant , Reza Molavi , Sebastian Molina , Shirin Montazeri , Ramis Movassagh , Michael Newman , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Chia-Hung Ni , Logan Oas , Raymond Orosco , Kristoffer Ottosson , Alex Pizzuto , Rebecca Potter , Orion Pritchard , Chris Quintana , Ganesh Ramachandran , Matthew J. Reagor , David M. Rhodes , Eliott Rosenberg , Elizabeth Rossi , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Henry F. Schurkus , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Noah Shutty , Vladimir Shvarts , Spencer Small , W. Clarke Smith , Sofia Springer , George Sterling , Jordan Suchard , Aaron Szasz , Alex Sztein , Douglas Thor , Eifu Tomita , Alfredo Torres , M. Mert Torunbalci , Abeer Vaishnav , Justin Vargas , Sergey Vdovichev , Guifre Vidal , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Steven Waltman , Jonathan Waltz , Shannon X. Wang , Brayden Ware , Travis Weidel , Theodore White , Kristi Wong , Bryan W. K. Woo , Maddy Woodson , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Bicheng Ying , Juhwan Yoo , Noureldin Yosri , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu , Sergio Boixo , Julian Kelly , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Hartmut Neven , Dave Bacon , Zijun Chen , Paul V. Klimov , Pedram Roushan , Charles Neill , Yu Chen , Alexis Morvan

The surface code is one of the most promising candidates for combating errors in large scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. A fault-tolerant decoder is a vital part of the error correction process---it is the algorithm which computes…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-09-15 Fern H. E. Watson , Hussain Anwar , Dan E. Browne

The resource overhead required to achieve net computational benefits from quantum error correction (QEC) limits its utility while current systems remain constrained in size, despite exceptional progress in experimental demonstrations. In…

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