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Key-Value (KV) Caching has become an essential technique for accelerating the inference speed and throughput of generative Large Language Models~(LLMs). However, the memory footprint of the KV cache poses a critical bottleneck in LLM…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-29 June Yong Yang , Byeongwook Kim , Jeongin Bae , Beomseok Kwon , Gunho Park , Eunho Yang , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee

Recently the generative Large Language Model (LLM) has achieved remarkable success in numerous applications. Notably its inference generates output tokens one-by-one, leading to many redundant computations. The widely-used KV-Cache…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Weizhuo Li , Zhigang Wang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale, the memory footprint of key-value (KV) caches during inference has become a significant bottleneck. Existing approaches primarily focus on compressing KV caches within a single prompt or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Xinye Zhao , Spyridon Mastorakis

The increasing memory demand of the Key-Value (KV) cache poses a significant bottleneck for Large Language Models (LLMs) in long-context applications. Existing low-rank KV compression methods reduce this footprint by modifying model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Shiyu Ji , Yixuan Wang , Yijun Liu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Retrieval-augmented generation improves large language models' accuracy by adding relevant retrieved text to the prompt. Chunk level caching (CLC) accelerates inference by precomputing KV caches for these retrieved chunks and reusing them.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Samuel Cestola , Tianxiang Xia , Zheng Weiyan , Zheng Pengfei , Diego Didona

KV cache restoration has emerged as a dominant bottleneck in serving long-context LLM workloads, including multi-turn conversations, retrieval-augmented generation, and agentic pipelines. Existing approaches treat restoration as a…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-04-29 Sean Nian , Jiahao Fang , Qilong Feng , Zhiyu Wu , Fan Lai

Efficient inference with Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly relies on Key-Value (KV) caches to store previously computed key and value vectors at each layer. These caches are essential to minimize redundant computation during…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Oteo Mamo , Olga Kogiou , Hyunjin Yi , Weikuan Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) require significant GPU memory when processing long texts, with the key value (KV) cache consuming up to 70\% of total memory during inference. Although existing compression methods reduce memory by evaluating…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Xiang Liu , Zhenheng Tang , Peijie Dong , Zeyu Li , Yue Liu , Bo Li , Xuming Hu , Xiaowen Chu

KV cache pruning has emerged as a promising technique for reducing memory and computation costs in long-context auto-regressive generation. Existing methods for vision-language models (VLMs) typically rely on self-attention scores from…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-09 Xiaohuan Pei , Tao Huang , Chang Xu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is often used with Large Language Models (LLMs) to infuse domain knowledge or user-specific information. In RAG, given a user query, a retriever extracts chunks of relevant text from a knowledge base.…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Shubham Agarwal , Sai Sundaresan , Subrata Mitra , Debabrata Mahapatra , Archit Gupta , Rounak Sharma , Nirmal Joshua Kapu , Tong Yu , Shiv Saini

Efficiently serving Large Language Models (LLMs) with persistent Prefix Key-Value (KV) Cache is critical for applications like conversational search and multi-turn dialogue. Serving a request requires loading the pre-computed prefix KV…

操作系统 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Jing Zou , Shangyu Wu , Hancong Duan , Qiao Li , Chun Jason Xue

Large Language models (LLMs) have become a research hotspot. To accelerate the inference of LLMs, storing computed caches in memory has become the standard technique. However, as the inference length increases, growing KV caches might lead…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-13 Meizhi Zhong , Xikai Liu , Chen Zhang , Yikun Lei , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Kehai Chen , Min Zhang

Optimizing the Key-Value (KV) cache of the Large Language Model (LLM) has been considered critical to saving the cost of inference. Most of the existing KV-cache compression algorithms attempted to sparsify the sequence of tokens by taking…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-11 Zihao Wang , Bin Cui , Shaoduo Gan

The increasing complexity of AI tasks has shifted the paradigm from monolithic models toward multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems. However, these collaborative architectures introduce a critical bottleneck: redundant prefill…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Yingsheng Geng , Yuchong Gao , Weihong Wu , Guyue Liu , Jiang Liu

Whether attention key value (KV) states computed for one prompt for a small LLM can be reused to accelerate inference on a new similar prompt, giving an increase to the space to its context memory using an approach called token recycling.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Prashant Pandey

Efficient inference of large language models (LLMs) is hindered by an ever-growing key-value (KV) cache, making KV cache compression a critical research direction. Traditional methods selectively evict less important KV cache entries, which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Yuxuan Tian , Zihan Wang , Yebo Peng , Aomufei Yuan , Zhiming Wang , Bairen Yi , Xin Liu , Yong Cui , Tong Yang

The quadratic complexity of the attention mechanism and the substantial memory footprint of the Key-Value (KV) cache present severe computational and memory challenges for Large Language Models (LLMs) processing long contexts. Existing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Dongfang Li , Zixuan Liu , Gang Lin , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) with extended context windows have become increasingly prevalent for tackling complex tasks. However, the substantial Key-Value (KV) cache required for long-context LLMs poses significant deployment challenges.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-16 Jie Hu , Shengnan Wang , Yutong He , Ping Gong , Jiawei Yi , Juncheng Zhang , Youhui Bai , Renhai Chen , Gong Zhang , Cheng Li , Kun Yuan

Key-Value (KV) cache plays a crucial role in accelerating inference in large language models (LLMs) by storing intermediate attention states and avoiding redundant computation during autoregressive generation. However, its memory footprint…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Yuzhen Mao , Qitong Wang , Martin Ester , Ke Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in processing long contexts, enabling them to tackle tasks involving long textual inputs such as multi-turn conversations, legal documents, or retrieved documents in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Yuechi Zhou , Yi Su , Jianxin Zhang , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Zhefeng Wang , Xinyu Duan , Baoxing Huai