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Real-time LLM interactions demand streamed token generations, where text tokens are progressively generated and delivered to users while balancing two objectives: responsiveness (i.e., low time-to-first-token) and steady generation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Junyi Chen , Chuheng Du , Renyuan Liu , Shuochao Yao , Dingtian Yan , Jiang Liao , Shengzhong Liu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Cost of serving large language models (LLM) is high, but the expensive and scarce GPUs are poorly efficient when generating tokens sequentially, unless the batch of sequences is enlarged. However, the batch size is limited by some…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-03-19 Jiaao He , Jidong Zhai

LLM serving is increasingly dominated by decode attention, which is a memory-bound operation due to massive KV cache loading from global memory. Meanwhile, real-world workloads exhibit substantial, hierarchical shared prefixes across…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Jinjun Yi , Zhixin Zhao , Yitao Hu , Ke Yan , Weiwei Sun , Hao Wang , Laiping Zhao , Yuhao Zhang , Wenxin Li , Keqiu Li

Auto-regressive token generation in large language models is memory-bound because it requires "attending to" key and value tensors (KV cache) of all previous tokens. Prior work aims to improve the efficiency of this decode process by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Saksham Rathi , Preeti , Mythili Vutukuru

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as AI agents that operate in short reasoning-action loops, interleaving model computation with external calls. Unlike traditional chat applications, these agentic workloads require…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Yuning Zhang , Yan Yan , Nan Yang , Dong Yuan

LLMs are widely adopted in production, pushing inference systems to their limits. Disaggregated LLM serving (e.g., PD separation and KV state disaggregation) improves scalability and cost efficiency, but it also turns KV into an explicit…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Zedong Liu , Xinyang Ma , Dejun Luo , Hairui Zhao , Bing Lu , Wenjing Huang , Yida Gu , Xingchen Liu , Zheng Wei , Jinyang Liu , Dingwen Tao , Guangming Tan

The rapid growth of generative AI and its integration into everyday workflows have significantly increased the demand for large language model (LLM) inference services. While proprietary models remain popular, recent advancements in…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Linyu Wu , Xiaoyuan Liu , Tianneng Shi , Zhe Ye , Dawn Song

Each LLM serving request goes through two phases. The first is prefill which processes the entire input prompt and produces the first output token and the second is decode which generates the rest of output tokens, one-at-a-time. Prefill…

Large language model (LLM) serving demands low latency and high throughput, but high load variability makes it challenging to achieve high GPU utilization. In this paper, we identify a synergetic but overlooked opportunity to co-serve…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-09-05 Yifan Qiao , Shu Anzai , Shan Yu , Haoran Ma , Shuo Yang , Yang Wang , Miryung Kim , Yongji Wu , Yang Zhou , Jiarong Xing , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica , Harry Xu

Attention efficiency is critical to large language model (LLM) inference. While prior advances optimize attention execution for individual requests (e.g., FlashAttention), production LLM serving relies on batching requests with highly…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Rui Ning , Wei Zhang , Fan Lai

Large language model (LLM) inference at the network edge is a promising serving paradigm that leverages distributed edge resources to run inference near users and enhance privacy. Existing edge-based LLM inference systems typically adopt…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-10-14 Bingjie Zhu , Zhixiong Chen , Liqiang Zhao , Hyundong Shin , Arumugam Nallanathan

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit pronounced memory-bound characteristics during inference due to High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) bandwidth constraints. In this paper, we propose an L2 Cache-oriented asynchronous KV Cache prefetching method…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Yanhao Dong , Yubo Miao , Weinan Li , Xiao Zheng , Chao Wang , Jiesheng Wu , Feng Lyu

DistServe improves the performance of large language models (LLMs) serving by disaggregating the prefill and decoding computation. Existing LLM serving systems colocate the two phases and batch the computation of prefill and decoding across…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Yinmin Zhong , Shengyu Liu , Junda Chen , Jianbo Hu , Yibo Zhu , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin , Hao Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) grow in popularity for their diverse capabilities, improving the efficiency of their inference systems has become increasingly critical. Batching LLM requests is a critical step in scheduling the inference…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-09 Ozgur Guldogan , Jackson Kunde , Kangwook Lee , Ramtin Pedarsani

The context window of large language models (LLMs) is rapidly increasing, leading to a huge variance in resource usage between different requests as well as between different phases of the same request. Restricted by static parallelism…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Bingyang Wu , Shengyu Liu , Yinmin Zhong , Peng Sun , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

The increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) necessitates inference serving systems that can deliver both high throughput and low latency. Deploying LLMs with hundreds of billions of parameters on memory-constrained GPUs exposes…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Bowen Pang , Kai Li , Feifan Wang

Two widely adopted techniques for LLM inference serving systems today are hybrid batching and disaggregated serving. A hybrid batch combines prefill and decode tokens of different requests in the same batch to improve resource utilization…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Amna Masood , Pratishtha Gaur , Nuwan Jayasena

Prefix caching is crucial to accelerate multi-turn interactions and requests with shared prefixes. At the cluster level, existing prefix caching systems are tightly coupled with request scheduling to optimize cache efficiency and…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Bingyang Wu , Zili Zhang , Yinmin Zhong , Guanzhe Huang , Yibo Zhu , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

The evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) serving towards complex, distributed architectures--specifically the P/D-separated, large-scale DP+EP paradigm--introduces distinct scheduling challenges. Unlike traditional deployments where…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Jian Tian , Shuailong Li , Yang Cao , Wenbo Cui , Minghan Zhu , Wenkang Wu , Jianming Zhang , Yanpeng Wang , Zhiwen Xiao , Zhenyu Hou , Dou Shen

Modern LLM serving systems must sustain high throughput while meeting strict latency SLOs across two distinct inference phases: compute-intensive prefill and memory-bound decode phases. Existing approaches either (1) aggregate both phases…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Lei Gao , Chaoyi Jiang , Hossein Entezari Zarch , Daniel Wong , Murali Annavaram