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Identifying the factors that influence academic performance is an essential part of educational research. Previous studies have documented the importance of personality traits, class attendance, and social network structure. Because most of…

Debugging is a demanding aspect of programming yet guidance on how to teach it effectively remains limited. Novices often struggle to recognize impasses regulate their problem solving and manage cognitive load and stress. This study…

As robots become increasingly prevalent in human environments, there will inevitably be times when a robot needs to interrupt a human to initiate an interaction. Our work introduces the first interruptibility-aware mobile robot system, and…

Using current sensing technology, a wealth of data on driving sessions is potentially available through a combination of vehicle sensors and drivers' physiology sensors (heart rate, breathing rate, skin temperature, etc.). Our hypothesis is…

AI-supported tools can help learners overcome challenges in programming education by providing adaptive assistance. However, existing research often focuses on individual tools rather than deriving broader design recommendations. A key…

Introductory programming courses aim to teach students to write code independently. However, transitioning from studying worked examples to generating their own code is often difficult and frustrating for students, especially those with…

Deficit of attention, anxiety, sleep disorders are some of the problems which affect many persons. As these issues can evolve into severe conditions, more factors should be taken into consideration. The paper proposes a conception which…

We investigate how code obfuscation influences human understanding of programs through an output-prediction task. To study this effect, we construct multiple levels of obfuscation, ranging from unobfuscated code to transformations involving…

For more than thirty years, it has been claimed that a way to improve software developers' productivity and software quality is to focus on people. The underlying assumption seems to be that "happy and satisfied software developers perform…

Enhancing interaction and feedback collection in a first-semester computer science course poses a significant challenge due to students' diverse needs and engagement levels. To address this issue, we created and integrated a command-based…

Instruction-tuning plays a vital role in enhancing the task-solving abilities of large language models (LLMs), improving their usability in generating helpful responses on various tasks. However, previous work has demonstrated that they are…

Active learning is an increasingly important branch of machine learning and a powerful technique for natural language processing. The main advantage of active learning is its potential to reduce the amount of labeled data needed to learn…

The ubiquity of smart phones and electronic devices has placed a wealth of information at the fingertips of consumers as well as creators of digital content. This has led to millions of notifications being issued each second from alerts…

With the increase of distance learning, in general, and e-learning, in particular, having a system capable of determining the engagement of students is of primordial importance, and one of the biggest challenges, both for teachers,…

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported that the number of bicyclist fatalities has increased by more than 35% since 2010. One of the main reasons associated with cyclists' crashes is the adverse effect of high cognitive…

The ability to discriminate similar visual stimuli is an important index of memory function. This ability is widely thought to be supported by expanding the dimensionality of relevant neural codes, such that neural representations for…

In projectors and head-mounted displays, an out-of-focus image appears blurred. Even when a display itself is in focus, computer operation may be hindered if the display is far from the user or if a user has poor visual acuity, because the…

Human cognitive performance is an underlying factor in most of our daily lives, and numerous factors influence cognitive performance. In this work, we investigate how changes in sleep quality influence cognitive performance, measured from a…

Instructors and students alike are often focused on the grade in programming assignments as a key measure of how well a student is mastering the material and whether a student is struggling. This can be, however, misleading. Especially when…

Mobile phone use is an unfolding process by nature. In this study, it is explicated as two sequential processes: mobile sessions composed of an uninterrupted set of behaviors and mobile trajectories composed of mobile sessions and…