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Key-Value (KV) caching is a common technique to enhance the computational efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs), but its memory overhead grows rapidly with input length. Prior work has shown that not all tokens are equally important…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Yu Fu , Zefan Cai , Abedelkadir Asi , Wayne Xiong , Yue Dong , Wen Xiao

Key-Value (KV) cache has become a bottleneck of LLMs for long-context generation. Despite the numerous efforts in this area, the optimization for the decoding phase is generally ignored. However, we believe such optimization is crucial,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Jialong Wu , Zhenglin Wang , Linhai Zhang , Yilong Lai , Yulan He , Deyu Zhou

Efficient Key-Value (KV) cache management is essential for processing long text sequences in large language models (LLMs), where memory constraints often limit performance. Conventional KV eviction strategies, such as top-k selection based…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Xuelin Li , Xiangqi Jin , Linfeng Zhang

Long-context decoding is increasingly limited by KV-cache memory traffic since each generated token attends over a cache whose size grows linearly with context length. Existing sparse decoding methods reduce this cost by selecting subsets…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Gonçalo Duarte , Miguel Couceiro , Marcos V. Treviso

Large language models (LLMs) can now handle longer sequences of tokens, enabling complex tasks like book understanding and generating lengthy novels. However, the key-value (KV) cache required for LLMs consumes substantial memory as context…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-13 Haojie Duanmu , Zhihang Yuan , Xiuhong Li , Jiangfei Duan , Xingcheng Zhang , Dahua Lin

Efficiently serving Large Language Models (LLMs) with persistent Prefix Key-Value (KV) Cache is critical for applications like conversational search and multi-turn dialogue. Serving a request requires loading the pre-computed prefix KV…

操作系统 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Jing Zou , Shangyu Wu , Hancong Duan , Qiao Li , Chun Jason Xue

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated great performance on visual question answering (VQA). When it comes to knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (KB-VQA), MLLMs may lack the specialized domain knowledge needed to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-02-04 Weixi Weng , Jieming Zhu , Xiaojun Meng , Hao Zhang , Rui Zhang , Chun Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) with extended context windows have become increasingly prevalent for tackling complex tasks. However, the substantial Key-Value (KV) cache required for long-context LLMs poses significant deployment challenges.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-16 Jie Hu , Shengnan Wang , Yutong He , Ping Gong , Jiawei Yi , Juncheng Zhang , Youhui Bai , Renhai Chen , Gong Zhang , Cheng Li , Kun Yuan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced unified reasoning over text, images, and videos, but their inference is hindered by the rapid growth of key-value (KV) caches. Each visual input expands into thousands of tokens,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Bowen Zeng , Feiyang Ren , Jun Zhang , Xiaoling Gu , Ke Chen , Lidan Shou , Huan Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in processing long contexts, enabling them to tackle tasks involving long textual inputs such as multi-turn conversations, legal documents, or retrieved documents in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Yuechi Zhou , Yi Su , Jianxin Zhang , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Zhefeng Wang , Xinyu Duan , Baoxing Huai

Traditional KV cache eviction strategies, which discard less critical KV-pairs based on attention scores, often degrade generation quality, causing context loss or hallucinations. Recent efforts shift toward KV merging, merging eviction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Kunxi Li , Yufan Xiong , Zhonghua Jiang , Yiyun Zhou , Zhaode Wang , Chengfei Lv , Shengyu Zhang

LLMs are seeing growing use for applications which require large context windows, and with these large context windows KV cache activations surface as the dominant contributor to memory consumption during inference. Quantization is a…

The Key-Value (KV) cache in generative large language models (LLMs) introduces substantial memory overhead. Existing works mitigate this burden by offloading or compressing the KV cache. However, loading the entire cache incurs significant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Dingyu Yao , Bowen Shen , Zheng Lin , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang , Weiping Wang

Soft context compression reduces the computational workload of processing long contexts in LLMs by encoding long context into a smaller number of latent tokens. However, existing frameworks apply uniform compression ratios, failing to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-30 Yijiong Yu , Shuai Yuan , Jie Zheng , Huazheng Wang , Ji Pei

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have already achieved remarkable results on long-text tasks, but the limited GPU memory (VRAM) resources struggle to accommodate the linearly growing demand for key-value (KV) cache as the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-21 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Zhi-Hong Deng , Jing Han

The quadratic complexity and indefinitely growing key-value (KV) cache of standard Transformers pose a major barrier to long-context processing. To overcome this, we introduce the Collaborative Memory Transformer (CoMeT), a novel…

While chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning enables LLMs to solve challenging reasoning tasks, the linear growth of the KV cache leads to substantial memory and inference overhead. Existing approaches such as context compression and multi-token…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Xinyu Liu , Xin Liu , Bo Jin , Runsong Zhao , Pengcheng Huang , Junhao Ruan , Bei Li , Chunyang Xiao , Chenglong Wang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Incorporating external knowledge in large language models (LLMs) enhances their utility across diverse applications, but existing methods have trade-offs. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) fetches evidence via similarity search, but key…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Giulio Corallo , Orion Weller , Fabio Petroni , Paolo Papotti

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in scenarios demanding ultra-long context reasoning, such as agentic workflows and deep research understanding. However, long-context inference is constrained by the KV cache, a…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Jianlong Lei , Shashikant Ilager

Despite the significant success of large language models (LLMs), their extensive memory requirements pose challenges for deploying them in long-context token generation. The substantial memory footprint of LLM decoders arises from the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-12 Amir Zandieh , Insu Han , Vahab Mirrokni , Amin Karbasi