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Test-Time Learning (TTL) enables language agents to iteratively refine their performance through repeated interactions with the environment at inference time. At the core of TTL is an adaptation policy that updates the actor policy based on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Zhanzhi Lou , Hui Chen , Yibo Li , Qian Wang , Bryan Hooi

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) has transformed conversational agents, enabling complex human-machine interactions. However, evaluation frameworks often focus on single tasks, failing to capture the dynamic nature of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Pietro Alessandro Aluffi , Patrick Zietkiewicz , Marya Bazzi , Matt Arderne , Vladimirs Murevics

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning abilities across mathematical, strategic, and linguistic tasks, yet little is known about how well they reason in dynamic, real-time, multi-agent scenarios, such as collaborative…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2026-01-01 Shaurya Mallampati , Rashed Shelim , Walid Saad , Naren Ramakrishnan

Large language model (LLM)-based agents struggle to generalize to novel and complex environments, such as unseen websites or new sets of functions, due to a fundamental mismatch between their pre-training and test-time conditions. This…

The acquisition of agentic capabilities has transformed LLMs from "knowledge providers" to "action executors", a trend that while expanding LLMs' capability boundaries, significantly increases their susceptibility to malicious use. Previous…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Jinchuan Zhang , Lu Yin , Yan Zhou , Songlin Hu

Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in understanding and generating code, from competitive programming to repository-level software engineering. In emerging agentic systems, code is no longer only a…

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in interactive systems necessitates a deep alignment with the nuanced and dynamic preferences of individual users. Current alignment techniques predominantly address universal human values or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Xiaotian Zhang , Yuan Wang , Ruizhe Chen , Zeya Wang , Runchen Hou , Zuozhu Liu

Agent harness evolution improves frozen language-model agents by modifying the executable structures around them. We study this paradigm as a form of sample-efficient fast adaptation: instead of updating model weights, an agent can acquire…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Lirong Che , Yuzhe yang , Peiwen lin , Chuang wang , Xueqian wang , Jian su

Recent advances in agentic systems increasingly treat code as an executable operational substrate rather than as a disposable output artifact. Prior work such as \emph{Code as Agent Harness} frames validated agent-generated artifacts as…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Mariano Garralda-Barrio

Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly permeating various domains of human production and life, highlighting the importance of aligning them with human values. The current alignment of AI systems primarily focuses on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-21 Shimin Li , Tianxiang Sun , Qinyuan Cheng , Xipeng Qiu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in games has gained significant momentum in recent years, enabling the creation of different agent behaviors that can transform a player's gaming experience. However, deploying RL agents in production…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 António Afonso , Iolanda Leite , Alessandro Sestini , Florian Fuchs , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

Researchers and practitioners have recently reframed powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) as agents, enabling them to automate complex tasks largely via the use of specialized functions. To facilitate the development of LLM agents, we…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-08-01 Shaokun Zhang , Jieyu Zhang , Jiale Liu , Linxin Song , Chi Wang , Ranjay Krishna , Qingyun Wu

Recent research has turned to Reinforcement Learning (RL) to solve challenging decision problems, as an alternative to hand-tuned heuristics. RL can learn good policies without the need for modeling the environment's dynamics. Despite this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-30 Pouya Hamadanian , Malte Schwarzkopf , Siddartha Sen , Mohammad Alizadeh

Harnesses are now central to coding-agent performance, mediating how models interact with tools and execution environments. Yet harness engineering remains a manual craft, because automating it faces a heterogeneous action space across…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Jiahang Lin , Shichun Liu , Chengjun Pan , Lizhi Lin , Shihan Dou , Zhiheng Xi , Xuanjing Huang , Hang Yan , Zhenhua Han , Tao Gui , Yu-Gang Jiang

Training models to act as agents that can effectively navigate and perform actions in a complex environment, such as a web browser, has typically been challenging due to lack of training data. Large language models (LLMs) have recently…

Lifelong learning, also known as continual or incremental learning, is a crucial component for advancing Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) by enabling systems to continuously adapt in dynamic environments. While large language models…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Junhao Zheng , Chengming Shi , Xidi Cai , Qiuke Li , Duzhen Zhang , Chenxing Li , Dong Yu , Qianli Ma

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly serve as the central control unit of AI agents, yet current approaches remain limited in their ability to deliver personalized interactions. While Retrieval Augmented Generation enhances LLM…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Rebecca Westhäußer , Wolfgang Minker , Sebatian Zepf

Large Language Model (LLM) web agents often struggle with long-horizon web navigation and web task completion in new websites, producing inefficient action sequences unless fine-tuned on environment-specific data. We show that…

Adapting Large Language Models in complex technical service domains is constrained by the absence of explicit cognitive chains in human demonstrations and the inherent ambiguity arising from the diversity of valid responses. These…

A prevalent assumption in LLM agent deployment holds that more structured harnesses universally improve reliability, and that higher-capability models need proportionally less structural guidance -- together implying a monotone inverse…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Yong-eun Cho