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The memory and computational demands of Key-Value (KV) cache present significant challenges for deploying long-context language models. Previous approaches attempt to mitigate this issue by selectively dropping tokens, which irreversibly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-24 Hanlin Tang , Yang Lin , Jing Lin , Qingsen Han , Shikuan Hong , Yiwu Yao , Gongyi Wang

Modern large language models (LLMs) extend context lengths to millions of tokens, enabling coherent, personalized responses grounded in long conversational history. However, the Key-Value (KV) cache grows linearly with the extended dialogue…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Minsoo Kim , Arnav Kundu , Han-Byul Kim , Richa Dixit , Minsik Cho

The Key-Value (KV) cache in generative large language models (LLMs) introduces substantial memory overhead. Existing works mitigate this burden by offloading or compressing the KV cache. However, loading the entire cache incurs significant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Dingyu Yao , Bowen Shen , Zheng Lin , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang , Weiping Wang

Long-running agentic tasks, such as deep research, require multi-hop reasoning over information distributed across multiple webpages and documents. In such tasks, the LLM context is dominated by tokens from external retrieval, causing…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Sanjay Kariyappa , G. Edward Suh

Long-horizon LLM inference turns the key--value (KV) cache into the dominant GPU memory consumer and makes per-token attention increasingly expensive. Many common eviction policies use static recency windows or historical attention, leaving…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Yubo Li , Yidi Miao

Scaling the input context length of a large language model (LLM) incurs a significant increase in computation cost and memory footprint to maintain the attention key-value (KV) cache. Existing KV cache compression methods suffer from…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-31 Yuxiang Huang , Binhang Yuan , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Zhiyuan Liu

Recently the generative Large Language Model (LLM) has achieved remarkable success in numerous applications. Notably its inference generates output tokens one-by-one, leading to many redundant computations. The widely-used KV-Cache…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Weizhuo Li , Zhigang Wang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

Key-value (KV) cache memory management is the primary bottleneck limiting throughput and cost-efficiency in large-scale GPU inference serving. Current systems suffer from three compounding inefficiencies: (1) the absence of unified KV cache…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Sanjeev Rao Ganjihal

Key-Value (KV) caching is a common technique to enhance the computational efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs), but its memory overhead grows rapidly with input length. Prior work has shown that not all tokens are equally important…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Yu Fu , Zefan Cai , Abedelkadir Asi , Wayne Xiong , Yue Dong , Wen Xiao

Efficient inference of large language models (LLMs) is hindered by an ever-growing key-value (KV) cache, making KV cache compression a critical research direction. Traditional methods selectively evict less important KV cache entries, which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Yuxuan Tian , Zihan Wang , Yebo Peng , Aomufei Yuan , Zhiming Wang , Bairen Yi , Xin Liu , Yong Cui , Tong Yang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) rely on key-value (KV) caching to avoid redundant computation during autoregressive inference. While this mechanism greatly improves efficiency, the cache size grows linearly with the input…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Jinwoo Ahn , Ingyu Seong , Akhil Kedia , Junhan Kim , Hyemi Jang , Kangwook Lee , Yongkweon Jeon

There emerges a promising trend of using large language models (LLMs) to generate code-like plans for complex inference tasks such as visual reasoning. This paradigm, known as LLM-based planning, provides flexibility in problem solving and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Pengbo Hu , Ji Qi , Xingyu Li , Hong Li , Xinqi Wang , Bing Quan , Ruiyu Wang , Yi Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance across diverse tasks, but their inference with long input contexts is bottlenecked by memory size and bandwidth. The Key-Value (KV) cache size grows linearly with sequence length…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Junkai Zhang , Hang Guo , Luca Benini , Yawei Li

The OpenAI o1-series models have demonstrated that leveraging long-form Chain of Thought (CoT) can substantially enhance performance. However, the recursive thinking capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) remain limited, particularly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-09 Haoke Zhang , Xiaobo Liang , Cunxiang Wang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across a wide range of practical applications. However, long-context inference remains a significant challenge due to the substantial memory requirements…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Bo Jiang , Taolue Yang , Youyuan Liu , Xubin He , Sheng Di , Sian Jin

Research on LLM technologies is rapidly emerging, with most of them employ a 'fast thinking' approach to inference. Most LLMs generate the final result based solely on a single query and LLM's reasoning capabilities. However, with the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Jianfeng Pan , Senyou Deng , Shaomang Huang

The serving paradigm of large language models (LLMs) is rapidly shifting towards complex multi-agent workflows where specialized agents collaborate over massive shared contexts. While Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables the efficient…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Shao Wang , Rui Ren , Lin Gui

The linear memory growth of the KV cache poses a significant bottleneck for LLM inference in long-context tasks. Existing static compression methods often fail to preserve globally important information. Although recent dynamic retrieval…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Zhiyuan Shi , Qibo Qiu , Feng Xue , Zhonglin Jiang , Li Yu , Jian Jiang , Xiaofei He , Wenxiao Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for long-context question answering is bottlenecked by inference-time prefilling over large retrieved contexts. A common strategy is to precompute key-value (KV) caches for individual documents and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Xin Teng , Canyu Zhang , Shaoyi Zheng , Danyang Zhuo , Tianyi Zhou , Shengjie Wang

To reduce memory consumption during LLM inference, prior works have proposed numerous methods that focus on KV cache pruning based on various criteria. While these techniques often accomplish lossless memory reduction on many datasets, they…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Xuanfan Ni , Liyan Xu , Chenyang Lyu , Longyue Wang , Mo Yu , Lemao Liu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Piji Li