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Speculative decoding has become the standard approach for accelerating Large Language Model (LLM) inference. It exploits a lossless draft-then-verify procedure to circumvent the latency of autoregressive decoding, achieving impressive…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Jameson Sandler , Jacob K. Christopher , Thomas Hartvigsen , Ferdinando Fioretto

Speculative decoding accelerates inference for Large Language Models by using a lightweight draft model to propose candidate tokens that are verified in parallel by a larger target model. Prior work shows that the draft model often…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Ofir Ben Shoham

Despite their strong performance on reasoning tasks, large reasoning models (LRMs) often suffer from overthinking, producing unnecessarily long outputs and incurring high end-to-end latency, a significant limitation to their real-world…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Rubing Yang , Huajun Bai , Song Liu , Guanghua Yu , Runzhi Fan , Yanbin Dang , Jiejing Zhang , Kai Liu , Jianchen Zhu , Peng Chen

Large language models have shown impressive capabilities across a variety of NLP tasks, yet their generating text autoregressively is time-consuming. One way to speed them up is speculative decoding, which generates candidate segments (a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-15 Sen Yang , Shujian Huang , Xinyu Dai , Jiajun Chen

Modern web applications--from real-time content recommendation and dynamic pricing to CDN optimization--increasingly rely on time-series forecasting to deliver personalized experiences to billions of users. Large-scale Transformer-based…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Pranav Subbaraman , Fang Sun , Yue Yao , Huacong Tang , Xiao Luo , Yizhou Sun

We propose Speculative Decoding (SpecDec), for the first time ever, to formally study exploiting the idea of speculative execution to accelerate autoregressive (AR) decoding. Speculative Decoding has two innovations: Spec-Drafter -- an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Heming Xia , Tao Ge , Peiyi Wang , Si-Qing Chen , Furu Wei , Zhifang Sui

Speculative decoding accelerates Large Language Model (LLM) inference by verifying multiple drafted tokens in parallel. However, for Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, this parallelism introduces a severe bottleneck: large draft trees…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 Bradley McDanel , Steven Li , Sruthikesh Surineni , Harshit Khaitan

Early exiting has recently emerged as a promising technique for accelerating large language models (LLMs) by effectively reducing the hardware computation and memory access. In this paper, we present SpecEE, a fast LLM inference engine with…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-04-15 Jiaming Xu , Jiayi Pan , Yongkang Zhou , Siming Chen , Jinhao Li , Yaoxiu Lian , Junyi Wu , Guohao Dai

While speculative decoding has recently appeared as a promising direction for accelerating the inference of large language models (LLMs), the speedup and scalability are strongly bounded by the token acceptance rate. Prevalent methods…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Yunfan Xiong , Ruoyu Zhang , Yanzeng Li , Tianhao Wu , Lei Zou

Speculative decoding is a pivotal technique to accelerate the inference of large language models (LLMs) by employing a smaller draft model to predict the target model's outputs. However, its efficacy can be limited due to the low predictive…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-06-11 Xiaoxuan Liu , Lanxiang Hu , Peter Bailis , Alvin Cheung , Zhijie Deng , Ion Stoica , Hao Zhang

Inference from large autoregressive models like Transformers is slow - decoding K tokens takes K serial runs of the model. In this work we introduce speculative decoding - an algorithm to sample from autoregressive models faster without any…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-22 Yaniv Leviathan , Matan Kalman , Yossi Matias

The growing demand for on-device large language model (LLM) inference highlights the need for efficient mobile edge computing (MEC) solutions, especially in resource-constrained settings. Speculative decoding offers a promising solution by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Jungyeon Koh , Hyun Jong Yang

Speculative Decoding has emerged as a popular technique for accelerating inference in Large Language Models. However, most existing approaches yield only modest improvements in production serving systems. Methods that achieve substantial…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Michele Marzollo , Jiawei Zhuang , Niklas Roemer , Niklas Zwingenberger , Lorenz K. Müller , Lukas Cavigelli

Speculative decoding has been shown as an effective way to accelerate Large Language Model (LLM) inference by using a Small Speculative Model (SSM) to generate candidate tokens in a so-called speculation phase, which are subsequently…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-03-21 Fahao Chen , Peng Li , Tom H. Luan , Zhou Su , Jing Deng

Speculative decoding (SD) has emerged as a promising approach to accelerate LLM inference without sacrificing output quality. Existing SD methods tailored for video-LLMs primarily focus on pruning redundant visual tokens to mitigate the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-14 Qitan Lv , Tianyu Liu , Wen Wu , Xuenan Xu , Bowen Zhou , Feng Wu , Chao Zhang

With the increasingly giant scales of (causal) large language models (LLMs), the inference efficiency comes as one of the core concerns along the improved performance. In contrast to the memory footprint, the latency bottleneck seems to be…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-24 Chen Zhang , Zhuorui Liu , Dawei Song

Speculative decoding is widely adopted to reduce latency in large language model (LLM) inference by leveraging smaller draft models capable of handling diverse user tasks. However, emerging AI applications, such as LLM-based agents, present…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Gabriele Oliaro , Zhihao Jia , Daniel Campos , Aurick Qiao

Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive language model inference by verifying multiple draft tokens in parallel. However, the verification stage often becomes the dominant computational bottleneck, especially for long-context inputs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-29 Jikai Wang , Jianchao Tan , Yuxuan Hu , Jiayu Qin , Yerui Sun , Yuchen Xie , Xunliang Cai , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Speculative decoding accelerates Large Language Model inference via a draft-then-verify paradigm, yet the output projection layer becomes a bottleneck as vocabulary sizes scale. While existing static pruning methods effectively reduce this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Shuyu Zhang , Lingfeng Pan , Qicheng Wang , Yaqi Shi , Yueyang Tan , Ruyu Yan , Jiaqi Chen , Lixing Du , Lu Wang

Chain-of-Thought reasoning significantly improves the performance of large language models on complex tasks, but incurs high inference latency due to long generation traces. Step-level speculative reasoning aims to mitigate this cost, yet…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Siran Liu , Cyril Y. He