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Large language models (LLMs) are known to abandon their initial stance to conform to user pushback. While prior research largely attributes this behavior to sycophancy learned during reinforcement learning from human feedback, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Kevin H. Guo , Chao Yan , Avinash Baidya , Katherine Brown , Xiang Gao , Juming Xiong , Zhijun Yin , Bradley A. Malin

Safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) is primarily evaluated under open-ended generation, where models can mitigate risk by refusing to respond. In contrast, many real-world applications place LLMs in structured decision-making…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Yuheng Chen , Zhiyu Wu , Bowen Cheng , Tetsuro Takahashi

Large language models (LLMs) have played a pivotal role in building communicative AI, yet they encounter the challenge of efficient updates. Model editing enables the manipulation of specific knowledge memories and the behavior of language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-28 Xinbei Ma , Tianjie Ju , Jiyang Qiu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao , Lifeng Liu , Yulong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly consulted for high-stakes life advice, yet they lack standard safeguards against providing confident but misguided responses. This creates risks of sycophancy and over-confidence. This paper…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-30 Joshua Adrian Cahyono , Saran Subramanian

Large language models (LLMs) are known to exhibit brittle behavior under adversarial prompts and jailbreak attacks, even after extensive alignment and fine-tuning. This fragility reflects a broader challenge of modern neural language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Patrick Cooper , Alireza Nadali , Ashutosh Trivedi , Alvaro Velasquez

High-privilege LLM agents that autonomously process external documentation are increasingly trusted to automate tasks by reading and executing project instructions, yet they are granted terminal access, filesystem control, and outbound…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-13 Ching-Yu Kao , Xinfeng Li , Shenyu Dai , Tianze Qiu , Pengcheng Zhou , Eric Hanchen Jiang , Philip Sperl

People use large language models (LLMs) when they should not. This is partly because they see LLMs compose poems and answer intricate questions, so they understandably, but incorrectly, assume LLMs won't stumble on basic tasks like simple…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-29 Nathan Stringham , Fateme Hashemi Chaleshtori , Xinyuan Yan , Zhichao Xu , Bei Wang , Ana Marasović

The text produced by language models (LMs) can exhibit specific `behaviors,' such as a failure to follow alignment training, that we hope to detect and react to during deployment. Identifying these behaviors can often only be done post…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Dhananjay Ashok , Jonathan May

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning and text generation. However, these models can inadvertently generate unsafe or biased responses when prompted with problematic inputs, raising…

Integrated Speech and Large Language Models (SLMs) that can follow speech instructions and generate relevant text responses have gained popularity lately. However, the safety and robustness of these models remains largely unclear. In this…

The instruction learning paradigm -- where a model learns to perform new tasks from task descriptions alone -- has become popular in general-purpose model research. The capabilities of large transformer models as instruction learners,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-05-26 Matthew Finlayson , Kyle Richardson , Ashish Sabharwal , Peter Clark

In a conversation, a helpful assistant must reliably follow user directives, even as they refine, modify, or contradict earlier requests. Yet most instruction-following benchmarks focus on single-turn or short multi-turn scenarios, leaving…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Beatriz Canaverde , Duarte M. Alves , José Pombal , Giuseppe Attanasio , André F. T. Martins

Reasoning models are evaluated on single-turn benchmarks but deployed in multi-turn dialogue, where users push back on correct answers. Under sustained adversarial pressure we find a previously undocumented failure mode: the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Yubo Li , Ramayya Krishnan , Rema Padman

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly vulnerable to input perturbations, as even a small prompt change may result in a substantially different output. Existing methods to enhance LLM robustness are primarily focused on perturbed data…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-04 Aryan Agrawal , Lisa Alazraki , Shahin Honarvar , Marek Rei

Recently, a boom of papers has shown extraordinary progress in zero-shot and few-shot learning with various prompt-based models. It is commonly argued that prompts help models to learn faster in the same way that humans learn faster when…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-04-22 Albert Webson , Ellie Pavlick

Instruction following is a fundamental capability of large language models (LLMs), yet continuously improving this capability remains challenging. Existing methods typically rely either on costly external supervision from humans or strong…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Qingyu Ren , Qianyu He , Jiajie Zhu , Xingzhou Chen , Jingwen Chang , Zeye Sun , Han Xia , Fei Yu , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao

As LLMs gain stronger reasoning capabilities, their extended chain-of-thought introduces new degrees of complexity for defending against adversarial jailbreaks and prompt injection. We study consistency training, a family of fine-tuning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Avidan Shah , Jannik Brinkmann , Rico Angell

Language models trained via outcome-based reinforcement learning (RL) to reason using chain-of-thought (CoT) have shown remarkable performance. Monitoring such a model's CoT may allow us to understand its intentions and detect potential…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Arun Jose

Large language models (LLMs) often present answers with high apparent confidence despite lacking an explicit mechanism for reasoning about certainty or truth. While existing benchmarks primarily evaluate single-turn accuracy, truthfulness…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Mohammadreza Saadat , Steve Nemzer

Instruction tuning plays a pivotal role in Code Large Language Models (Code LLMs) for the task of program synthesis. Presently, two dominant paradigms for collecting tuning data are natural-instruct (human-written) and self-instruct…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-04 Xianzhen Luo , Qingfu Zhu , Zhiming Zhang , Xu Wang , Qing Yang , Dongliang Xu , Wanxiang Che