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Recent advances with large language models (LLM) illustrate their diverse capabilities. We propose a novel algorithm, staged speculative decoding, to accelerate LLM inference in small-batch, on-device scenarios. We address the low…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-08-10 Benjamin Spector , Chris Re

Speculative decoding accelerates inference in large language models (LLMs) by generating multiple draft tokens simultaneously. However, existing methods often struggle with token misalignment between the training and decoding phases,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Shijing Hu , Jingyang Li , Xingyu Xie , Zhihui Lu , Kim-Chuan Toh , Pan Zhou

Large language models achieve impressive performance across diverse tasks but exhibit high inference latency due to their large parameter sizes. While quantization reduces model size, it often leads to performance degradation compared to…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Yushu Zhao , Yubin Qin , Yang Wang , Xiaolong Yang , Huiming Han , Shaojun Wei , Yang Hu , Shouyi Yin

Large language model (LLM)-based generative list-wise recommendation has advanced rapidly, but decoding remains sequential and thus latency-prone. To accelerate inference without changing the target distribution, speculative decoding (SD)…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Jiaju Chen , Chongming Gao , Chenxiao Fan , Haoyan Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Peng Jiang , Xiangnan He

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has exacerbated the memory bottleneck due to the widening gap between model parameter scaling and hardware capabilities. While post-training quantization techniques effectively reduce…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Fangxin Liu , Zongwu Wang , JinHong Xia , Junping Zhao , Shouren Zhao , Jinjin Li , Jian Liu , Li Jiang , Haibing Guan

Inference from large autoregressive models like Transformers is slow - decoding K tokens takes K serial runs of the model. In this work we introduce speculative decoding - an algorithm to sample from autoregressive models faster without any…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-22 Yaniv Leviathan , Matan Kalman , Yossi Matias

Inference with Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is slow due to their large-language-model backbone which suffers from memory bandwidth bottleneck and generates tokens auto-regressively. In this paper, we explore the application of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-16 Mukul Gagrani , Raghavv Goel , Wonseok Jeon , Junyoung Park , Mingu Lee , Christopher Lott

Speculative decoding (SPD) accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by letting a smaller draft model propose multiple future tokens that are verified in parallel by a larger target model. The dominant SPD paradigm treats the target…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Jinze Li , Yixing Xu , Guanchen Li , Jinfeng Xu , Shuo Yang , Yang Zhang , Xuanwu Yin , Dong Li , Edith C. H. Ngai , Emad Barsoum

Speculative Decoding (SD) has emerged as a premier technique for accelerating Large Language Model (LLM) inference by decoupling token generation into rapid drafting and parallel verification. While recent advancements in self-speculation…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Guang Huang , Zeyi Wen

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive language generation due to their potential for parallel decoding and global refinement of the entire sequence. To unlock this potential, DLM…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Xiang Xia , Wuyang Zhang , Jiazheng Liu , Cheng Yan , Yanyong Zhang

Speculative decoding (SD), where a small draft model is employed to propose draft tokens in advance and then the target model validates them in parallel, has emerged as a promising technique for LLM inference acceleration. Many endeavors to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-30 Tianyu Liu , Qitan Lv , Hao Li , Xing Gao , Xiao Sun , Xiaoyan Sun

Speculative Decoding (SD) is a recently proposed technique for faster inference using Large Language Models (LLMs). SD operates by using a smaller draft LLM for autoregressively generating a sequence of tokens and a larger target LLM for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-09 Meiyu Zhong , Noel Teku , Ravi Tandon

The generation speed of LLMs are bottlenecked by autoregressive decoding, where tokens are predicted sequentially one by one. Alternatively, diffusion large language models (dLLMs) theoretically allow for parallel token generation, but in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Daniel Israel , Guy Van den Broeck , Aditya Grover

Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive inference by drafting candidate tokens with a fast model and verifying them in parallel with the target. Self-speculative methods avoid the need for an external drafter but have been studied…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Hector Borobia , Elies Seguí-Mas , Guillermina Tormo-Carbó

Inference latency stands as a critical bottleneck in the large-scale deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs). Speculative decoding methods have recently shown promise in accelerating inference without compromising the output…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Ruilin Wang , Huixia Li , Yuexiao Ma , Xiawu Zheng , Fei Chao , Xuefeng Xiao , Rongrong Ji

Federated inference enhances LLM performance in edge computing through weighted averaging of distributed model predictions. However, autoregressive LLM inference requires frequent full-model forward passes across workers, severely limiting…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-29 Ce Zheng , Xinghan Wang , Jiahong Ning , Yuxuan Shi , Ning Huang , Tingting Yang

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the Transformer architecture have recently emerged as a dominant foundation model for a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. Nevertheless, their application in real-time scenarios…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-04 Coleman Hooper , Sehoon Kim , Hiva Mohammadzadeh , Hasan Genc , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami , Sophia Shao

Speculative decoding has emerged as a promising technique to accelerate the inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) by employing a small language model to draft a hypothesis sequence, which is then validated by the LLM. The effectiveness…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-24 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Ziyue Wang , Pengfei Wu , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Neural networks commonly execute on hardware accelerators such as NPUs and GPUs for their size and computation overhead. These accelerators are costly and it is hard to scale their resources to handle real-time workload fluctuations. We…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Jaemin Kim , Hongjun Um , Sungkyun Kim , Yongjun Park , Jiwon Seo

Reasoning models excel by generating long chain-of-thoughts, but decoding the resulting thousands of tokens is slow. Token-level speculative decoding (SD) helps, but its benefit is capped, because the chance that an entire $\gamma$-token…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-25 Yichao Fu , Rui Ge , Zelei Shao , Zhijie Deng , Hao Zhang