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General purpose intelligent learning agents cycle through (complex,non-MDP) sequences of observations, actions, and rewards. On the other hand, reinforcement learning is well-developed for small finite state Markov Decision Processes…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2009-12-30 Marcus Hutter

Most existing forecasting systems are memory-based methods, which attempt to mimic human forecasting ability by employing various memory mechanisms and have progressed in temporal modeling for memory dependency. Nevertheless, an obvious…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-16 Jiahao Wang , Guo Chen , Yifei Huang , Limin Wang , Tong Lu

Many real-world applications, such as those in medical domains, recommendation systems, etc, can be formulated as large state space reinforcement learning problems with only a small budget of the number of policy changes, i.e., low…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-01-05 Minbo Gao , Tianle Xie , Simon S. Du , Lin F. Yang

We present a new algorithm based on posterior sampling for learning in constrained Markov decision processes (CMDP) in the infinite-horizon undiscounted setting. The algorithm achieves near-optimal regret bounds while being advantageous…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-28 Danil Provodin , Pratik Gajane , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Maurits Kaptein

Recurrent LLM architectures have emerged as a promising approach for improving reasoning, as they enable multi-step computation in the embedding space without generating intermediate tokens. Models such as Ouro perform reasoning by…

We present a general framework for applying learning algorithms and heuristical guidance to the verification of Markov decision processes (MDPs). The primary goal of our techniques is to improve performance by avoiding an exhaustive…

Fine-grained simulation of floor construction processes is essential for supporting lean management and the integration of information technology. However, existing research does not adequately address the on-site decision-making of…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Bin Yang , Boda Liu , Yilong Han , Xin Meng , Yifan Wang , Hansi Yang , Jianzhuang Xia

The problem of offline reinforcement learning focuses on learning a good policy from a log of environment interactions. Past efforts for developing algorithms in this area have revolved around introducing constraints to online reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-27 Ian Char , Viraj Mehta , Adam Villaflor , John M. Dolan , Jeff Schneider

Non-stationary environments are challenging for reinforcement learning algorithms. If the state transition and/or reward functions change based on latent factors, the agent is effectively tasked with optimizing a behavior that maximizes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-05-21 Lucas N. Alegre , Ana L. C. Bazzan , Bruno C. da Silva

Constrained Markov Decision Process (CMDP) is a natural framework for reinforcement learning tasks with safety constraints, where agents learn a policy that maximizes the long-term reward while satisfying the constraints on the long-term…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2018-02-20 Qingkai Liang , Fanyu Que , Eytan Modiano

We study the $(\varepsilon, \delta)$-PAC policy identification problem in finite-horizon episodic Markov Decision Processes. Existing approaches provide finite-time guarantees for approximate settings ($\varepsilon>0$) but suffer from high…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Cyrille Kone , Kevin Jamieson

We consider deterministic Markov decision processes (MDPs) and apply max-plus algebra tools to approximate the value iteration algorithm by a smaller-dimensional iteration based on a representation on dictionaries of value functions. The…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-06-21 Francis Bach

Context-aware neural machine translation (NMT) is a promising direction to improve the translation quality by making use of the additional context, e.g., document-level translation, or having meta-information. Although there exist various…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-10-20 Jingjing Huo , Christian Herold , Yingbo Gao , Leonard Dahlmann , Shahram Khadivi , Hermann Ney

Safety is a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), particularly in real-world applications such as autonomous driving, robotics, and healthcare. To address this, Constrained Markov Decision Processes (CMDPs) are commonly used…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Chang Liu , Yunfan Li , Lin F. Yang

Robust Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) are receiving much attention in learning a robust policy which is less sensitive to environment changes. There are an increasing number of works analyzing sample-efficiency of robust MDPs. However,…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-09-13 Wenhao Yang , Han Wang , Tadashi Kozuno , Scott M. Jordan , Zhihua Zhang

Our work aims at developing reinforcement learning algorithms that do not rely on the Markov assumption. We consider the class of Non-Markov Decision Processes where histories can be abstracted into a finite set of states while preserving…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-05-19 Alessandro Ronca , Gabriel Paludo Licks , Giuseppe De Giacomo

We consider the recently proposed reinforcement learning (RL) framework of Contextual Markov Decision Processes (CMDP), where the agent interacts with a (potentially adversarial) sequence of episodic tabular MDPs. In addition, a context…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-19 Aditya Modi , Ambuj Tewari

This paper addresses the problem of planning under uncertainty in large Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). Factored MDPs represent a complex state space using state variables and the transition model using a dynamic Bayesian network. This…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2011-06-10 C. Guestrin , D. Koller , R. Parr , S. Venkataraman

Interpretability of reinforcement learning policies is essential for many real-world tasks but learning such interpretable policies is a hard problem. Particularly rule-based policies such as decision trees and rules lists are difficult to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-02-15 Daniël Vos , Sicco Verwer

Multi-model Markov decision process (MMDP) is a promising framework for computing policies that are robust to parameter uncertainty in MDPs. MMDPs aim to find a policy that maximizes the expected return over a distribution of MDP models.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Xihong Su , Marek Petrik