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Inference on large language models (LLMs) can be expensive in terms of the compute and memory costs involved, especially when long sequence lengths are used. In particular, the self-attention mechanism used in LLM inference contributes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-11 Prajwal Singhania , Siddharth Singh , Shwai He , Soheil Feizi , Abhinav Bhatele

Converting pretrained attention modules such as grouped-query attention (GQA) into multi-head latent attention (MLA) can improve expressivity without increasing KV-cache cost, making it attractive for efficient inference. However, many…

Processing long contexts has become a critical capability for modern large language models (LLMs). However, serving long-context LLMs comes with significant inference costs due to the high memory overhead of the key-value (KV) cache.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Qihui Zhou , Peiqi Yin , Pengfei Zuo , James Cheng

Many advanced Large Language Model (LLM) applications require long-context processing, but the self-attention module becomes a bottleneck during the prefilling stage of inference due to its quadratic time complexity with respect to sequence…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Xiaodong Ji , Hailin Zhang , Fangcheng Fu , Bin Cui

The Multi-Head Attention mechanism is central to LLM operation, and multiple works target its compute and memory efficiency during training. While most works focus on approximating the scaled dot product, the memory consumption of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Malik Khalaf , Yara Shamshoum , Nitzan Hodos , Yuval Sieradzki , Assaf Schuster

The quadratic complexity of attention mechanisms poses a critical bottleneck for large language models processing long contexts. While dynamic sparse attention methods offer input-adaptive efficiency, they face fundamental trade-offs:…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Siran Liu , Guoxia Wang , Sa Wang , Jinle Zeng , HaoYang Xie , Siyu Lou , JiaBin Yang , DianHai Yu , Haifeng Wang , Chao Yang

We propose novel attention architectures, Multi-matrix Factorization Attention (MFA) and MFA-Key-Reuse (MFA-KR). Existing variants for standard Multi-Head Attention (MHA), including SOTA methods like MLA, fail to maintain as strong…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Jingcheng Hu , Houyi Li , Yinmin Zhang , Zili Wang , Shuigeng Zhou , Xiangyu Zhang , Heung-Yeung Shum , Daxin Jiang

Sparse attention improves LLM inference efficiency by selecting a subset of key-value entries, but at the cost of potential accuracy degradation. In particular, omitting critical KV entries can induce substantial errors in model outputs.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Mohsen Dehghankar , Abolfazl Asudeh

Scaling large language models to long contexts is challenging due to the quadratic computational cost of full attention. Mitigation approaches include KV-cache selection or compression techniques. We instead provide an effective and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Yuzhen Mao , Michael Y. Li , Emily B. Fox

Large Language Models struggle with memory demands from the growing Key-Value (KV) cache as context lengths increase. Existing compression methods homogenize head dimensions or rely on attention-guided token pruning, often sacrificing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-16 Xiaoran Liu , Siyang He , Qiqi Wang , Ruixiao Li , Yuerong Song , Zhigeng Liu , Linlin Li , Qun Liu , Zengfeng Huang , Qipeng Guo , Ziwei He , Xipeng Qiu

Key-value (KV) caching plays an essential role in accelerating decoding for transformer-based autoregressive large language models (LLMs). However, the amount of memory required to store the KV cache can become prohibitive at long sequence…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-22 William Brandon , Mayank Mishra , Aniruddha Nrusimha , Rameswar Panda , Jonathan Ragan Kelly

KV caching significantly improves the efficiency of Large Language Model (LLM) inference by storing attention states from previously processed tokens, enabling faster generation of subsequent tokens. However, as sequence length increases,…

Effective attention modules have played a crucial role in the success of Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), but the quadratic time and memory complexities of these attention modules also pose a challenge when processing long…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Ao Sun , Weilin Zhao , Xu Han , Cheng Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Chuan Shi , Maosong Sun

KV cache pruning has emerged as a promising technique for reducing memory and computation costs in long-context auto-regressive generation. Existing methods for vision-language models (VLMs) typically rely on self-attention scores from…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-09 Xiaohuan Pei , Tao Huang , Chang Xu

Video Large Language Models (VLLMs) incur substantial prefilling cost due to the large number of visual tokens. While attention-based token pruning offers a promising acceleration strategy, applying it at shallow decoder layers often causes…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Yingjie Xia , Tao Liu , Jinglei Shi , Qingsong Xie , Heng Guo , Jian Yang , Xi Wang

Linear attention offers a computationally efficient yet expressive alternative to softmax attention. However, recent empirical results indicate that the hidden state of trained linear attention models often exhibits a low-rank structure,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Philipp Nazari , T. Konstantin Rusch

Key-value (KV) cache compression has emerged as a critical technique for reducing the memory and latency overhead of autoregressive language models during inference. Prior approaches predominantly rely on query-key attention scores to rank…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-19 Ayan Sengupta , Siddhant Chaudhary , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Attention mechanisms have significantly advanced visual models by capturing global context effectively. However, their reliance on large-scale datasets and substantial computational resources poses challenges in data-scarce and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-03 Chenghao Li , Chaoning Zhang , Boheng Zeng , Yi Lu , Pengbo Shi , Qingzi Chen , Jirui Liu , Lingyun Zhu , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

Attention is the dominant source of latency during long-context LLM inference, an increasingly popular workload with reasoning models and RAG. We propose Kascade, a training-free sparse attention method that leverages known observations…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Dhruv Deshmukh , Saurabh Goyal , Nipun Kwatra , Ramachandran Ramjee

LLM decoding is bottlenecked for large batches and long contexts by loading the key-value (KV) cache from high-bandwidth memory, which inflates per-token latency, while the sequential nature of decoding limits parallelism. We analyze the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Ted Zadouri , Hubert Strauss , Tri Dao