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The theory of sequences, supported by many SMT solvers, can model program data types including bounded arrays and lists. Sequences are parameterized by the element data type and provide operations such as accessing elements, concatenation,…
In this paper we present a satisfiability-preserving reduction from MITL interpreted over finitely-variable continuous behaviors to Constraint LTL over clocks, a variant of CLTL that is decidable, and for which an SMT-based bounded…
We study verification over a general model of artifact-centric systems, to assess (parameterized) safety properties irrespectively of the initial database instance. We view such artifact systems as array-based systems, which allows us to…
Answer Set Programming Modulo Theories (ASPMT) is a new framework of tight integration of answer set programming (ASP) and satisfiability modulo theories (SMT). Similar to the relationship between first-order logic and SMT, it is based on a…
Temporal stream logic (TSL) extends LTL with updates and predicates over arbitrary function terms. This allows for specifying data-intensive systems for which LTL is not expressive enough. In the semantics of TSL, functions and predicates…
Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) has significant application in various domains. In this paper, we focus on quantifier-free Satisfiablity Modulo Real Arithmetic, referred to as SMT(RA), including both linear and non-linear real…
Sequence theories are an extension of theories of strings with an infinite alphabet of letters, together with a corresponding alphabet theory (e.g. linear integer arithmetic). Sequences are natural abstractions of extendable arrays, which…
In this paper, we consider the satisfiability problem for string logic with equations, regular membership and Presburger constraints over length functions. The difficulty comes from multiple occurrences of string variables making…
This work focuses on effectively generating diverse solutions for satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) formulas, targeting the theories of bit-vectors, arrays, and uninterpreted functions, which is a critical task in software and hardware…
Synthesis of models and strategies is a very important problem in software engineering. The main element here is checking the satisfiability of formulae expressing the specification of a system to be implemented. This paper puts forward a…
A framework is presented for the verification of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications over continuous-time nonlinear systems under uncertainty. Based on reachability analysis, the proposed method addresses indeterminate satisfaction…
In this paper, we present Bitwuzla, our Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solver for the theories of bit-vectors, floating-points, arrays and uninterpreted functions and their combinations. We discuss selected features and provide…
Microservice systems are becoming increasingly adopted due to their scalability, decentralized development, and support for continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD). However, this decentralized development by separate teams and…
Satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solving has become a critical part of many static analyses, including symbolic execution, refinement type checking, and model checking. We propose Formulog, a domain-specific language that makes it…
Fundamentally, every static program analyser searches for a proof through a combination of heuristics providing candidate solutions and a candidate validation technique. Essentially, the heuristic reduces a second-order problem to a…
We develop a simple functional programming language aimed at manipulating infinite, but first-order definable structures, such as the countably infinite clique graph or the set of all intervals with rational endpoints. Internally, such sets…
We study Linear Temporal Logic Modulo Theories over Finite Traces (LTLfMT), a recently introduced extension of LTL over finite traces (LTLf) where propositions are replaced by first-order formulas and where first-order variables referring…
Satisfiability checking for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a fundamental step in checking for possible errors in LTL assertions. Extant LTL satisfiability checkers use a variety of different search procedures. With the sole exception of LTL…
Algebraic data types (ADTs) are a construct classically found in functional programming languages that capture data structures like enumerated types, lists, and trees. In recent years, interest in ADTs has increased. For example, popular…
We propose a fragment of many-sorted second order logic called EQSMT and show that checking satisfiability of sentences in this fragment is decidable. EQSMT formulae have an $\exists^*\forall^*$ quantifier prefix (over variables, functions…