相关论文: Combinatorial Approach to the Second Law

We apply recent ideas about complexity and randomness to the philosophy of laws and chances. We develop two ways to use algorithmic randomness to characterize probabilistic laws of nature. The first, a generative chance* law, employs a…

Combinatorial Game Theory is a branch of mathematics and theoretical computer science that studies sequential 2-player games with perfect information. Normal play is the convention where a player who cannot move loses. Here, we generalize…

An extensive survey is given of the historical origins of the Second Law of thermodynamics, illustrated by excerpts from many original sources, and with biographical information about key contributors. The major strands of conceptual…

The empirical laws of chemical kinetics are studied from a microscopic point of view. An analysis based on elementary probability theory and combinatorics is enough to explain the kinetics law observed in experiments. Thus, an out of…

An exact closed relativistic kinetic equation is derived for a system of identical classical particles interacting with each other through a scalar field. The microscopic deterministic mechanism of the irreversible equilibration process in…

We propose a new formulation of stochastic thermodynamics for systems subjected to nonequilibrium constraints (i.e. broken detailed balance at steady state) and furthermore driven by external time-dependent forces. A splitting of the second…

Causal reversibility blends reversibility and causality for concurrent systems. It indicates that an action can be undone provided that all of its consequences have been undone already, thus making it possible to bring the system back to a…

The second law and the generalized second law of thermodynamics in cosmology in the framework of the modified Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravity are investigated. The conditions upon which these laws hold are derived and discussed.

Quantum thermodynamics investigates how robust the second law of thermodynamics serves as the unique fundamental law in the small quantum world. To tackle this problem, the quantum coherence constitutes a major difficulty of investigations,…

The goal of this paper is to determine the laws of observed trajectories assuming that there is a mechanical system in the background and using these laws to continue the observed motion in a plausible way. The laws are represented by…

This paper extends the foundational concept to second-order quantum correlation tensors, representing intensity-intensity correlations.As their application in diverse optical field experiments gaining importance, we investigate conserved…

We investigate quantum effects in the evolution of general systems. For studying such temporal quantum phenomena, it is paramount to have a rigorous concept and profound understanding of the classical dynamics in such a system in the first…

Typical arguments for results like Kleene's Second Recursion Theorem and the existence of self-writing computer programs bear the fingerprints of equational reasoning and combinatory logic. In fact, the connection of combinatory logic and…

This paper introduces a new notion of quantum recursion of which the control flow of the computation is quantum rather than classical as in the notions of recursion considered in the previous studies of quantum programming. A typical…

For a nonlinear ordinary differential equation with time delay, the differentiation of the solution with respect to the delay is investigated. Special emphasis is laid on the second-order derivative. The results are applied to an associated…

We consider an extension of first-order logic with a recursion operator that corresponds to allowing formulas to refer to themselves. We investigate the obtained language under two different systems of semantics, thereby obtaining two…

The asymptotic behavior (such as convergence to an equilibrium, convergence to a 2-cycle, and divergence to infinity) of solutions of the following multi-parameter, rational, second order difference equation x_{n+1} =(ax_{n}^3+…

An irreducible canonical approach to reducible second-class constraints is given. The procedure is illustrated on gauge-fixed two-forms.

Variational analysis provides the theoretical foundations and practical tools for constructing optimization algorithms without being restricted to smooth or convex problems. We survey the central concepts in the context of a concrete but…

The question of how irreversibility can emerge as a generic phenomena when the underlying mechanical theory is reversible has been a long-standing fundamental problem for both classical and quantum mechanics. We describe a mechanism for the…