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Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has focused on test-time scaling to improve reasoning via increased inference computation, but often at the cost of efficiency. We revisit test-time behavior and uncover a simple yet…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Zhen Yang , Mingyang Zhang , Feng Chen , Ganggui Ding , Liang Hou , Xin Tao , Ying-Cong Chen

Inference-time scaling has emerged as an effective way to improve generative models at test time by using a verifier to score and select candidate outputs. A common choice is to employ Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) as verifiers,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Davide Bucciarelli , Evelyn Turri , Lorenzo Baraldi , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

The rapid advancements in vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have intensified the need to address distribution shifts between training and testing datasets. Although prior Test-Time Training (TTT) techniques for VLMs have…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-02-05 Yuto Kojima , Jiarui Xu , Xueyan Zou , Xiaolong Wang

Test-time scaling (TTS) has enhanced the performance of Reasoning Models (RMs) on various tasks such as math and coding, yet its efficacy in machine translation (MT) remains underexplored. This paper investigates whether increased…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Zihao Li , Shaoxiong Ji , Jörg Tiedemann

As enthusiasm for scaling computation (data and parameters) in the pretraining era gradually diminished, test-time scaling (TTS), also referred to as ``test-time computing'' has emerged as a prominent research focus. Recent studies…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have achieved significant zero-shot performance on downstream tasks with various fine-tuning adaptation methods. However, recent studies have proven that adversarial attacks can significantly…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Jia-Wei Hai , Yijun Wang , Xiu-Shen Wei

LLMs are reshaping education, with students increasingly relying on them for learning. Implemented using general-purpose models, these systems are likely to give away the answers, potentially undermining conceptual understanding and…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 Anubhav Jangra , Smaranda Muresan

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) is an important method for improving the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by using additional computation during the inference phase. However, current studies do not systematically analyze how policy…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Runze Liu , Junqi Gao , Jian Zhao , Kaiyan Zhang , Xiu Li , Biqing Qi , Wanli Ouyang , Bowen Zhou

We propose ControlMLLM++, a novel test-time adaptation framework that injects learnable visual prompts into frozen multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to enable fine-grained region-based visual reasoning without any model retraining or…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Mingrui Wu , Hao Chen , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Zhiyuan Liu , Liujuan Cao , Ming-Ming Cheng , Rongrong Ji

Parallel test-time scaling (TTS) is a pivotal approach for enhancing large language models (LLMs), typically by sampling multiple token-based chains-of-thought in parallel and aggregating outcomes through voting or search. Recent advances…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Runyang You , Yongqi Li , Meng Liu , Wenjie Wang , Liqiang Nie , Wenjie Li

Many commercial Large Language Models (LLMs) are often closed-source, limiting developers to prompt tuning for aligning content generation with specific applications. While these models currently do not provide access to token logits, we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Gaurush Hiranandani , Haolun Wu , Subhojyoti Mukherjee , Sanmi Koyejo

Recent studies have demonstrated that test-time compute scaling effectively improves the performance of small language models (sLMs). However, prior research has mainly examined test-time compute scaling with an additional larger model as a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Minki Kang , Jongwon Jeong , Jaewoong Cho

Inference-time compute has re-emerged as a practical way to improve LLM reasoning. Most test-time scaling (TTS) algorithms rely on autoregressive decoding, which is ill-suited to discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs) due to their…

Test-time Scaling (TTS) has been demonstrated to significantly enhance the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) during the inference phase without altering model parameters. However, existing TTS methods are largely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Guibin Zhang , Fanci Meng , Guancheng Wan , Zherui Li , Kun Wang , Zhenfei Yin , Lei Bai , Shuicheng Yan

Test-time scaling (TTS) improves large language models (LLMs) by allocating additional compute at inference time. In practice, TTS is often achieved through parallel scaling: generating multiple candidate responses and selecting the best…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Divya Shyamal , Marta Knežević , Lan Tran , Chanakya Ekbote , Vijay Lingam , Paul Pu Liang

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) methods for enhancing Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning often incur substantial computational costs, primarily due to extensive reliance on external Process Reward Models (PRMs) or sampling methods like Best-of-N…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Amirhosein Ghasemabadi , Keith G. Mills , Baochun Li , Di Niu

Recently, test-time adaptation has garnered attention as a method for tuning models without labeled data. The conventional modus operandi for adapting pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) during test-time primarily focuses on tuning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Raza Imam , Asif Hanif , Jian Zhang , Khaled Waleed Dawoud , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Mohammad Yaqub

Vision-language pre-training (VLP) methods are blossoming recently, and its crucial goal is to jointly learn visual and textual features via a transformer-based architecture, demonstrating promising improvements on a variety of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-01 Weihan Wang , Zhen Yang , Bin Xu , Juanzi Li , Yankui Sun

Test-time scaling (TTS) has recently emerged as a promising direction to exploit the hidden reasoning capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs). However, existing scaling methods narrowly focus on the compute-optimal…

性能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Youpeng Zhao , Jinpeng LV , Di Wu , Jun Wang , Christopher Gooley

LLMs can solve complex tasks by generating long, multi-step reasoning chains. Test-time scaling (TTS) can further improve performance by sampling multiple variants of intermediate reasoning steps, verifying their correctness, and selecting…