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Opponent modeling is necessary in multi-agent settings where secondary agents with competing goals also adapt their strategies, yet it remains challenging because strategies interact with each other and change. Most previous work focuses on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2016-09-20 He He , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Kevin Kwok , Hal Daumé

Recent developments have established the vulnerability of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) to policy manipulation attacks via adversarial perturbations. In this paper, we investigate the robustness and resilience of deep RL to training-time…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2017-12-29 Vahid Behzadan , Arslan Munir

Adversarial examples can be useful for identifying vulnerabilities in AI systems before they are deployed. In reinforcement learning (RL), adversarial policies can be developed by training an adversarial agent to minimize a target agent's…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-10-17 Stephen Casper , Taylor Killian , Gabriel Kreiman , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has gained widespread adoption in recent years but faces significant challenges, particularly in unknown and complex environments. Among these, high-dimensional action selection stands out as a critical…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-07-08 Wenbo Zhang , Hengrui Cai

We show that a threshold in decision capacity determines whether self-play reinforcement learning agents collapse under asymmetric rule perturbations. Across poker variants, matrix games, a dice game, and multiple learning algorithms,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Arahan Kujur

Recent research has confirmed the feasibility of backdoor attacks in deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems. However, the existing attacks require the ability to arbitrarily modify an agent's observation, constraining the application…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-12-14 Lun Wang , Zaynah Javed , Xian Wu , Wenbo Guo , Xinyu Xing , Dawn Song

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents typically learn memoryless policies---policies that only consider the last observation when selecting actions. Learning memoryless policies is efficient and optimal in fully observable environments.…

Recent methods in self-supervised learning have demonstrated that masking-based pretext tasks extend beyond NLP, serving as useful pretraining objectives in computer vision. However, existing approaches apply random or ad hoc masking…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-12-19 Dylan Sam , Min Bai , Tristan McKinney , Li Erran Li

Recent studies have revealed that neural network-based policies can be easily fooled by adversarial examples. However, while most prior works analyze the effects of perturbing every pixel of every frame assuming white-box policy access, in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-30 Xinghua Qu , Zhu Sun , Yew-Soon Ong , Abhishek Gupta , Pengfei Wei

Adversarial attacks pose significant challenges for detecting adversarial attacks at an early stage. We propose attack-agnostic detection on reinforcement learning-based interactive recommendation systems. We first craft adversarial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-16 Yuanjiang Cao , Xiaocong Chen , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Wei Emma Zhang

Existing approaches in reinforcement learning train an agent to learn desired optimal behavior in an environment with rule based surrounding agents. In safety critical applications such as autonomous driving it is crucial that the rule…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-22 Arjun Srinivasan , Anubhav Paras , Aniket Bera

Recent studies have shown that deep reinforcement learning (DRL) policies are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which raise concerns about applications of DRL to safety-critical systems. In this work, we adopt a principled way and study…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-05-17 Chao Wang

A key task in Artificial Intelligence is learning effective policies for controlling agents in unknown environments to optimize performance measures. Off-policy learning methods, like Q-learning, allow learners to make optimal decisions…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Mingxuan Li , Junzhe Zhang , Elias Bareinboim

Adversarial reprogramming allows stealing computational resources by repurposing machine learning models to perform a different task chosen by the attacker. For example, a model trained to recognize images of animals can be reprogrammed to…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2022-11-08 Yang Zheng , Xiaoyi Feng , Zhaoqiang Xia , Xiaoyue Jiang , Maura Pintor , Ambra Demontis , Battista Biggio , Fabio Roli

Deep reinforcement learning has recently made significant progress in solving computer games and robotic control tasks. A known problem, though, is that policies overfit to the training environment and may not avoid rare, catastrophic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-04-02 Xinlei Pan , Daniel Seita , Yang Gao , John Canny

In Stackelberg security games when information about the attacker's payoffs is uncertain, algorithms have been proposed to learn the optimal defender commitment by interacting with the attacker and observing their best responses. In this…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2019-11-01 Jiarui Gan , Qingyu Guo , Long Tran-Thanh , Bo An , Michael Wooldridge

In inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), an agent seeks to replicate expert demonstrations through interactions with the environment. Traditionally, IRL is treated as an adversarial game, where an adversary searches over reward models, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-23 Arnav Kumar Jain , Harley Wiltzer , Jesse Farebrother , Irina Rish , Glen Berseth , Sanjiban Choudhury

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are susceptible to adversarial noise in their observations that can mislead their policies and decrease their performance. However, an adversary may be interested not only in decreasing the reward,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-12-13 Dennis Gross , Thiago D. Simao , Nils Jansen , Guillermo A. Perez

Safe reinforcement learning (Safe RL) aims to ensure policy performance while satisfying safety constraints. However, most existing Safe RL methods assume benign environments, making them vulnerable to adversarial perturbations commonly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 Jialiang Fan , Shixiong Jiang , Mengyu Liu , Fanxin Kong

To improve efficiency and reduce failures in autonomous vehicles, research has focused on developing robust and safe learning methods that take into account disturbances in the environment. Existing literature in robust reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-03-12 Xiaobai Ma , Katherine Driggs-Campbell , Mykel J. Kochenderfer