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Deep reinforcement learning has been able to solve various tasks successfully, however, due to the construction of policy gradient and training dynamics, tuning deep reinforcement learning models remains challenging. As one of the most…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Hanyong Wang , Menglong Yang

Proximal policy optimization (PPO) has yielded state-of-the-art results in policy search, a subfield of reinforcement learning, with one of its key points being the use of a surrogate objective function to restrict the step size at each…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-07 Wangshu Zhu , Andre Rosendo

Reinforcement learning (RL), known for its self-evolution capability, offers a promising approach to training high-level autonomous driving systems. However, handling constraints remains a significant challenge for existing RL algorithms,…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Feihong Zhang , Guojian Zhan , Bin Shuai , Tianyi Zhang , Jingliang Duan , Shengbo Eben Li

Controlling a non-statically bipedal robot is challenging due to the complex dynamics and multi-criterion optimization involved. Recent works have demonstrated the effectiveness of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for simulation and…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2021-12-23 Changxin Huang , Guangrun Wang , Zhibo Zhou , Ronghui Zhang , Liang Lin

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is a popular deep policy gradient algorithm. In standard implementations, PPO regularizes policy updates with clipped probability ratios, and parameterizes policies with either continuous Gaussian…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-09-24 Chloe Ching-Yun Hsu , Celestine Mendler-Dünner , Moritz Hardt

Policy gradient methods ignore the potential value of adjusting environment variables: unobservable state features that are randomly determined by the environment in a physical setting, but are controllable in a simulator. This can lead to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-05-28 Supratik Paul , Michael A. Osborne , Shimon Whiteson

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) dominates reinforcement learning and LLM alignment but relies on a "hard clipping" mechanism that discards valuable gradients. Conversely, unconstrained methods like SPO expose the optimization to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Yiheng Zhang , Yiming Wang , Kaiyan Zhao , Zhenglin Wan , Jiayu Chen , Leong Hou U

Recent advances in constrained reinforcement learning (RL) have endowed reinforcement learning with certain safety guarantees. However, deploying existing constrained RL algorithms in continuous control tasks with general hard constraints…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-22 Shutong Ding , Jingya Wang , Yali Du , Ye Shi

Discrete diffusion models have recently gained significant attention due to their ability to process complex discrete structures for language modeling. However, fine-tuning these models with policy gradient methods, as is commonly done in…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-12-19 Oussama Zekri , Nicolas Boullé

Large language models trained with reinforcement learning (RL) for mathematical reasoning face a fundamental challenge: on problems the model cannot solve at all - "cliff" prompts - the RL gradient vanishes entirely, preventing any learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Ken Ding

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly aligned with human preferences through Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). Among RLHF methods, Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has gained attention for its simplicity…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Yuhang Zhou , Jing Zhu , Shengyi Qian , Zhuokai Zhao , Xiyao Wang , Xiaoyu Liu , Ming Li , Paiheng Xu , Wei Ai , Furong Huang

Model-based reinforcement learning approaches leverage a forward dynamics model to support planning and decision making, which, however, may fail catastrophically if the model is inaccurate. Although there are several existing methods…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-09-30 Hang Lai , Jian Shen , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Proximal policy optimization (PPO) is one of the most successful deep reinforcement-learning methods, achieving state-of-the-art performance across a wide range of challenging tasks. However, its optimization behavior is still far from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-01-15 Yuhui Wang , Hao He , Chao Wen , Xiaoyang Tan

Reinforcement Learning, particularly through policy gradient methods, has played a central role in enabling reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models. However, the optimization stability of policy gradients in this setting remains…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Luckeciano C. Melo , Alessandro Abate , Yarin Gal

Most reinforcement learning algorithms seek a single optimal strategy that solves a given task. However, it can often be valuable to learn a diverse set of solutions, for instance, to make an agent's interaction with users more engaging, or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-09 Wentse Chen , Shiyu Huang , Yuan Chiang , Tim Pearce , Wei-Wei Tu , Ting Chen , Jun Zhu

Adversarial optimization algorithms that explicitly search for flaws in agents' policies have been successfully applied to finding robust and diverse policies in multi-agent settings. However, the success of adversarial optimization has…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Niklas Lauffer , Ameesh Shah , Micah Carroll , Sanjit A. Seshia , Stuart Russell , Michael Dennis

In neural combinatorial optimization (CO), reinforcement learning (RL) can turn a deep neural net into a fast, powerful heuristic solver of NP-hard problems. This approach has a great potential in practical applications because it allows…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-14 Yeong-Dae Kwon , Jinho Choo , Byoungjip Kim , Iljoo Yoon , Youngjune Gwon , Seungjai Min

Some of the most successful applications of deep reinforcement learning to challenging domains in discrete and continuous control have used policy gradient methods in the on-policy setting. However, policy gradients can suffer from large…

Learning effective reinforcement learning (RL) policies to solve real-world complex tasks can be quite challenging without a high-fidelity simulation environment. In most cases, we are only given imperfect simulators with simplified…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Haoyi Niu , Shubham Sharma , Yiwen Qiu , Ming Li , Guyue Zhou , Jianming Hu , Xianyuan Zhan

Deep reinforcement learning can generate complex control policies, but requires large amounts of training data to work effectively. Recent work has attempted to address this issue by leveraging differentiable simulators. However, inherent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-15 Jie Xu , Viktor Makoviychuk , Yashraj Narang , Fabio Ramos , Wojciech Matusik , Animesh Garg , Miles Macklin