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Large language models (LLMs) have gained increasing attention due to their prominent ability to understand and process texts. Nevertheless, LLMs largely remain opaque. The lack of understanding of LLMs has obstructed the deployment in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-24 Yang Zhang , Yanfei Dong , Kenji Kawaguchi

Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) can assess relevance and support information retrieval (IR) tasks such as document ranking and relevance judgment generation. However, the internal mechanisms by which…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-04-11 Qi Liu , Jiaxin Mao , Ji-Rong Wen

Aligning large language models (LLMs) through supervised fine-tuning is essential for tailoring them to specific applications. Recent studies suggest that alignment primarily adjusts a model's presentation style rather than its foundational…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-09 Guangyuan Shi , Zexin Lu , Xiaoyu Dong , Wenlong Zhang , Xuanyu Zhang , Yujie Feng , Xiao-Ming Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess outstanding capabilities in addressing various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the sheer size of these models poses challenges in terms of storage, training and inference due to the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-18 Shuzhou Yuan , Ercong Nie , Bolei Ma , Michael Färber

We present a simple meta quantization approach that quantizes different layers of a large language model (LLM) at different bit levels, and is independent of the underlying quantization technique. Specifically, we quantize the most…

Recent studies suggest that the deeper layers of Large Language Models (LLMs) contribute little to representation learning and can often be removed without significant performance loss. However, such claims are typically drawn from narrow…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-28 Xinyuan Song , Keyu Wang , PengXiang Li , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to advance in performance, their size has escalated significantly, with current LLMs containing billions or even trillions of parameters. However, in this study, we discovered that many layers of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-14 Xin Men , Mingyu Xu , Qingyu Zhang , Bingning Wang , Hongyu Lin , Yaojie Lu , Xianpei Han , Weipeng Chen

In real world, large language models (LLMs) can serve as the assistant to help users accomplish their jobs, and also support the development of advanced applications. For the wide application of LLMs, the inference efficiency is an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-18 Yushuo Chen , Tianyi Tang , Erge Xiang , Linjiang Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Wang , Yunpeng Chai , Ji-Rong Wen

Understanding what defines a good representation in large language models (LLMs) is fundamental to both theoretical understanding and practical applications. In this paper, we investigate the quality of intermediate representations in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-13 Oscar Skean , Md Rifat Arefin , Yann LeCun , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance through pretraining on extensive data. This enables efficient adaptation to diverse downstream tasks. However, the lack of interpretability in their underlying mechanisms limits…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Xintong Wang , Jingheng Pan , Liang Ding , Longyue Wang , Longqin Jiang , Xingshan Li , Chris Biemann

Large language models (LLMs) based on transformer are witnessing a notable trend of size expansion, which brings considerable costs to both model training and inference. However, existing methods such as model quantization, knowledge…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Yifei Yang , Zouying Cao , Hai Zhao

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a fixture in modern machine learning. Correspondingly, significant resources are allocated towards research that aims to further advance this technology, typically resulting in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-22 Pratyusha Sharma , Jordan T. Ash , Dipendra Misra

This paper introduces LLM-Streamline, a pioneer work on layer pruning for large language models (LLMs). It is based on the observation that different layers have varying impacts on hidden states, enabling the identification of less…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Xiaodong Chen , Yuxuan Hu , Jing Zhang , Yanling Wang , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

Despite their outstanding performance, large language models (LLMs) suffer notorious flaws related to their preference for simple, surface-level textual relations over full semantic complexity of the problem. This proposal investigates a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-06-20 Michal Štefánik

Depth pruning improves the deployment efficiency of large language models (LLMs) by identifying and removing redundant layers. A widely accepted standard for this identification process is to measure the similarity between layers using…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Yuli Chen , Shuhao Zhang , Fanshen Meng , Bo Cheng , Jiale Han , Qiang Tong , Xiulei Liu

The scaling of large language models (LLMs) emphasizes increasing depth, yet performance gains diminish with added layers. Prior work introduces the concept of "effective depth", arguing that deeper models fail to fully utilize their layers…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Yi Hu , Cai Zhou , Muhan Zhang

We investigate the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) to structural interventions by deleting and swapping adjacent layers during inference. Surprisingly, models retain 72-95% of their original top-1 prediction accuracy without any…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Vedang Lad , Jin Hwa Lee , Wes Gurnee , Max Tegmark

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in metaphor interpretation across multiple datasets, tasks, and prompt configurations. Although metaphor processing has gained significant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Elisa Sanchez-Bayona , Rodrigo Agerri

Reasoning-oriented large language models (RLMs) achieve strong gains on tasks such as mathematics and coding by generating explicit intermediate reasoning. However, their impact on machine translation (MT) remains underexplored. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Sara Rajaee , Sebastian Vincent , Alexandre Berard , Marzieh Fadaee , Kelly Marchisio , Tom Kocmi

Large language models (LLMs) are the result of a massive experiment in bottom-up, data-driven reverse engineering of language at scale. Despite their utility in a number of downstream NLP tasks, ample research has shown that LLMs are…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-08-05 Walid S. Saba
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