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Uncertainty quantification (UQ) in natural language generation (NLG) tasks remains an open challenge, exacerbated by the closed-source nature of the latest large language models (LLMs). This study investigates applying conformal prediction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-19 Zhiyuan Wang , Jinhao Duan , Lu Cheng , Yue Zhang , Qingni Wang , Xiaoshuang Shi , Kaidi Xu , Hengtao Shen , Xiaofeng Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) inherently operate over a large generation space, yet conventional usage typically reports the most likely generation (MLG) as a point prediction, which underestimates the model's capability: although the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Ye Li , Anqi Hu , Yuanchang Ye , Shiyan Tong , Zhiyuan Wang , Bo Fu

Large language models(LLMs) are increasingly expanding their real-world applications across domains, e.g., question answering, autonomous driving, and automatic software development. Despite this achievement, LLMs, as data-driven systems,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Xianzong Wu , Xiaohong Li , Lili Quan , Qiang Hu

Prompt optimization algorithms for Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in multi-step reasoning but still lack effective uncertainty estimation. This paper introduces a benchmark dataset to evaluate uncertainty metrics, focusing on Answer,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-30 Pei-Fu Guo , Yun-Da Tsai , Shou-De Lin

Large Language models (LLMs) can generate complicated source code from natural language prompts. However, LLMs can generate output that deviates from what the user wants, requiring supervision and editing. To support this process, we offer…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-01-01 David Gros , Prem Devanbu

In the past few years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded in usefulness and popularity for code generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with accuracy and are unsuitable for high-risk applications without additional oversight…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 William Murphy , Nikolaus Holzer , Feitong Qiao , Leyi Cui , Raven Rothkopf , Nathan Koenig , Mark Santolucito

To facilitate healthcare delivery, language models (LMs) have significant potential for clinical prediction tasks using electronic health records (EHRs). However, in these high-stakes applications, unreliable decisions can result in high…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-07 Zizhang Chen , Peizhao Li , Xiaomeng Dong , Pengyu Hong

In many high-risk machine learning applications it is essential for a model to indicate when it is uncertain about a prediction. While large language models (LLMs) can reach and even surpass human-level accuracy on a variety of benchmarks,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-06 Evan Becker , Stefano Soatto

Uncertainty estimation is important for deploying LLMs in high-stakes applications such as healthcare and finance, where hallucinations can appear fluent and plausible while being factually incorrect, making it difficult for users to judge…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Mingcheng Zhu , Yu Liu , Tingting Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive abilities in code generation, but they may generate erroneous programs. Reading a program takes ten times longer than writing it. Showing these erroneous programs to developers will waste…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-10-07 Jia Li , Yuqi Zhu , Yongmin Li , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

Large language models (LLMs) for automatic code generation have achieved breakthroughs in several programming tasks. Their advances in competition-level programming problems have made them an essential pillar of AI-assisted pair…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Hossein Hajipour , Keno Hassler , Thorsten Holz , Lea Schönherr , Mario Fritz

This paper discusses the feasibility of using Large Language Models LLM for code generation with a particular application in designing an RISC. The paper also reviews the associated steps such as parsing, tokenization, encoding, attention…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-22 Shadeeb Hossain , Aayush Gohil , Yizhou Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are used for many tasks, including those related to coding. An important aspect of being able to utilize LLMs is the ability to assess their fitness for specific usages. The common practice is to evaluate LLMs…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-07-30 Marcel Zalmanovici , Orna Raz , Eitan Farchi , Iftach Freund

The rapid advancement of large language model(LLM) technology has facilitated its integration into various domains of professional and daily life. However, the persistent challenge of LLM hallucination has emerged as a critical limitation,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-05 Yuhao Zhang , Zhongliang Yang , Linna Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong generative capabilities but remain vulnerable to confabulations, fluent yet unreliable outputs that vary arbitrarily even under identical prompts. Leveraging a quantum tensor network based…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Pragatheeswaran Vipulanandan , Kamal Premaratne , Dilip Sarkar

Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) for Natural Language Generation (NLG) is crucial for assessing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), as it reveals confidence in predictions, identifies failure modes, and gauges output…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-09 Sean Wang , Yicheng Jiang , Yuxin Tang , Lu Cheng , Hanjie Chen

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become fundamental to a broad spectrum of artificial intelligence applications. As the use of LLMs expands, precisely estimating the uncertainty in their predictions has become crucial.…

Most machine learning techniques are based upon statistical learning theory, often simplified for the sake of computing speed. This paper is focused on the uncertainty aspect of mathematical modeling in machine learning. Regression analysis…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-07 Valentin Arkov

Large language models (LLMs) are stochastic, and not all models give deterministic answers, even when setting temperature to zero with a fixed random seed. However, few benchmark studies attempt to quantify uncertainty, partly due to the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-30 Robert E. Blackwell , Jon Barry , Anthony G. Cohn

Hallucinations are a common issue that undermine the reliability of large language models (LLMs). Recent studies have identified a specific subset of hallucinations, known as confabulations, which arise due to predictive uncertainty of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Mykyta Ielanskyi , Kajetan Schweighofer , Lukas Aichberger , Sepp Hochreiter