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Long context large language models (LLMs) pose significant challenges for efficient serving due to the large memory footprint and high access overhead of KV cache. Retrieval-based KV cache reduction methods can mitigate these challenges,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Junhui He , Junna Xing , Nan Wang , Rui Xu , Shangyu Wu , Peng Zhou , Qiang Liu , Chun Jason Xue , Qingan Li

Vector Quantization (VQ) is an appealing model compression method to obtain a tiny model with less accuracy loss. While methods to obtain better codebooks and codes under fixed clustering dimensionality have been extensively studied,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-11-22 Zezhou Zhu , Yucong Zhou , Zhao Zhong

Whether attention key value (KV) states computed for one prompt for a small LLM can be reused to accelerate inference on a new similar prompt, giving an increase to the space to its context memory using an approach called token recycling.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Prashant Pandey

KV cache quantization can improve Large Language Models (LLMs) inference throughput and latency in long contexts and large batch-size scenarios while preserving LLMs effectiveness. However, current methods have three unsolved issues:…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-21 Xing Li , Zeyu Xing , Yiming Li , Linping Qu , Hui-Ling Zhen , Wulong Liu , Yiwu Yao , Sinno Jialin Pan , Mingxuan Yuan

The KV cache in large language models is a dominant factor in memory usage, limiting their broader applicability. Quantizing the cache to lower bit widths is an effective way to reduce computational costs; however, previous methods struggle…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-04 Songhao Wu , Ang Lv , Xiao Feng , Yufei Zhang , Xun Zhang , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Rui Yan

Modern large language models (LLMs) drive interactive AI systems but are bottlenecked by the memory-heavy growth of key-value (KV) caches, which limits real-time throughput under concurrent loads. Existing KV-cache compression methods rely…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Joseph Kampeas , Emir Haleva

Neural receivers have shown outstanding performance compared to the conventional ones but this comes with a high network complexity leading to a heavy computational cost. This poses significant challenges in their deployment on…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Roberta Fiandaca , Manil Dev Gomony

This paper studies fixed-rate randomized vector quantization under the constraint that the quantizer's output has a given fixed probability distribution. A general representation of randomized quantizers that includes the common models in…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2016-11-15 Naci Saldi , Tamás Linder , Serdar Yüksel

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) enables each attention head to capture multi-frequency information along the sequence dimension and is widely applied in foundation models. However, the nonlinearity introduced by RoPE complicates…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Yuhao Zhou , Sirui Song , Boyang Liu , Zhiheng Xi , Senjie Jin , Xiaoran Fan , Zhihao Zhang , Wei Li , Xuanjing Huang

Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoders (VQ-VAEs) are fundamental to modern generative modeling, yet they often suffer from training instability and "codebook collapse" due to the inherent coupling of representation learning and discrete…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Linwei Zhai , Han Ding , Mingzhi Lin , Cui Zhao , Fei Wang , Ge Wang , Wang Zhi , Wei Xi

Standard Transformer attention uses identical dimensionality for queries, keys, and values, yet these components serve different roles: queries and keys produce scalar attention weights (selection), while values carry rich representations…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Hengshuai Yao , Xing Chen , Ahmed Murtadha , Guan Wang

We introduce KV-Fold, a simple, training-free long-context inference protocol that treats the key-value (KV) cache as the accumulator in a left fold over sequence chunks. At each step, the model processes the next chunk conditioned on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Alireza Nadali , Patrick Cooper , Ashutosh Trivedi , Alvaro Velasquez

The emergence of LLMs has ignited a fresh surge of breakthroughs in NLP applications, particularly in domains such as question-answering systems and text generation. As the need for longer context grows, a significant bottleneck in model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-15 Shichen Dong , Wen Cheng , Jiayu Qin , Wei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant deployment challenges due to their substantial memory requirements and the computational demands of auto-regressive text generation process. This paper addresses these challenges by focusing on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-21 Yuxuan Yue , Zhihang Yuan , Haojie Duanmu , Sifan Zhou , Jianlong Wu , Liqiang Nie

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance, but their long-context reasoning remains constrained by the excessive memory required for the Key-Value (KV) cache. This makes KV cache compression a critical step…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Xianglong Yan , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Haotong Qin , Linghe Kong , Yulun Zhang , Xiaokang Yang

The KV cache is a dominant memory bottleneck for LLM inference. While 4-bit KV quantization preserves accuracy, 2-bit often degrades it, especially on long-context reasoning. We close this gap via an algorithm-system co-design for…

Key-Value (KV) cache remains a major bottleneck for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in long-generation tasks. Prior work often applies uniform compression across both prefill and decoding caches, but compressing the prefill cache…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Soumyadeep Jana , Sagar Nishad , Sanasam Ranbir Singh

Long-context Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant memory bottlenecks during inference due to the linear growth of key-value (KV) cache with sequence length. While individual optimization techniques like KV cache quantization,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Sai Gokhale , Devleena Das , Rajeev Patwari , Ashish Sirasao , Elliott Delaye

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly trained to support very large context windows. We present Compactor, a training-free, query-agnostic KV compression strategy that uses approximate leverage scores to determine token…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-10 Vivek Chari , Benjamin Van Durme

Multi-agent LLM systems on edge devices need to hand off latent context efficiently, but the practical choices today are expensive re-prefill or full-precision KV transfer. We study QKVShare, a framework for quantized KV-cache handoff…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Pratik Honavar , Tejpratap GVSL