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Unlike autoregressive language models, which terminate variable-length generation upon predicting an End-of-Sequence (EoS) token, Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) operate over a fixed maximum-length context window for a predetermined number…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Vittorio Rossi , Giacomo Cirò , Davide Beltrame , Luca Gandolfi , Paul Röttger , Dirk Hovy

Flow Matching (FM) is a simulation-free method for learning a continuous and invertible flow to interpolate between two distributions, and in particular to generate data from noise. Inspired by the variational nature of the diffusion…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-07-14 Chen Xu , Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

Continuous diffusion and flow matching models could represent a powerful alternative to autoregressive approaches for language modelling (LM), as they unlock a host of advantages currently reserved for continuous modalities, including…

Diffusion models (DMs) have revolutionized generative learning. They utilize a diffusion process to encode data into a simple Gaussian distribution. However, encoding a complex, potentially multimodal data distribution into a single…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-04 Yilun Xu , Gabriele Corso , Tommi Jaakkola , Arash Vahdat , Karsten Kreis

Discrete diffusion language models improve generation efficiency through parallel token prediction, but standard $X_0$ prediction methods introduce factorization errors by approximating the clean token posterior with independent token-wise…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Xun Fang , Yunchen Li , Hang Yuan , Zhou Yu

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful class of generative models, achieving state-of-the-art results in continuous data domains such as image and video generation. Their core mechanism involves a forward diffusion process that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-10 Ashen Weligalle

Generative models have excelled in audio tasks using approaches such as language models, diffusion, and flow matching. However, existing generative approaches for speech enhancement (SE) face notable challenges: language model-based methods…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-05-28 Ziqian Wang , Zikai Liu , Xinfa Zhu , Yike Zhu , Mingshuai Liu , Jun Chen , Longshuai Xiao , Chao Weng , Lei Xie

This paper provides an in-depth examination of the concept of semantic diffusion as a complementary instrument to large language models (LLMs) for design applications. Conventional LLMs and diffusion models fail to induce a convergent,…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-05-15 Alexander P. Ryjov , Alina A. Egorova

Multimodal generative models require a unified approach to handle both discrete data (e.g., text and code) and continuous data (e.g., image, audio, video). In this work, we propose Latent Language Modeling (LatentLM), which seamlessly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-12 Yutao Sun , Hangbo Bao , Wenhui Wang , Zhiliang Peng , Li Dong , Shaohan Huang , Jianyong Wang , Furu Wei

Diffusion language models are a promising alternative to autoregressive models due to their potential for faster generation. Among discrete diffusion approaches, Masked diffusion currently dominates, largely driven by strong perplexity on…

Diffusion models (DMs) have recently emerged as SoTA tools for generative modeling in various domains. Standard DMs can be viewed as an instantiation of hierarchical variational autoencoders (VAEs) where the latent variables are inferred…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-10-12 Jiatao Gu , Shuangfei Zhai , Yizhe Zhang , Miguel Angel Bautista , Josh Susskind

Under strictly controlled pre-training settings, we observe a Crossover: when unique data is limited, diffusion language models (DLMs) consistently surpass autoregressive (AR) models by training for more epochs. The crossover shifts later…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-06 Jinjie Ni , Qian Liu , Longxu Dou , Chao Du , Zili Wang , Hang Yan , Tianyu Pang , Michael Qizhe Shieh

Diffusion Language models (DLMs) are a promising avenue for text generation due to their practical properties on tractable controllable generation. They also have the advantage of not having to predict text autoregressively. However,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-13 Sofia Maria Lo Cicero Vaina , Nikita Balagansky , Daniil Gavrilov

Discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs) provide a fast and flexible alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) via iterative denoising with parallel updates. However, their evaluation is challenging: existing metrics conflate denoiser…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Luhan Tang , Longxuan Yu , Shaorong Zhang , Greg Ver Steeg

Autoregressive (AR) Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success across numerous tasks. However, the AR modeling paradigm presents certain limitations; for instance, contemporary autoregressive LLMs are trained to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to the long-dominant autoregressive (AR) paradigm, offering a parallelable decoding process that could yield greater efficiency. Yet, in practice, current open-source…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Han Peng , Peiyu Liu , Zican Dong , Daixuan Cheng , Junyi Li , Yiru Tang , Shuo Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao

In this paper we introduce Hierarchical Diffusion Language Models (HDLM) -- a novel family of discrete diffusion models for language modeling. HDLM builds on a hierarchical vocabulary where low-level tokens with detailed semantics are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Cai Zhou , Chenyu Wang , Dinghuai Zhang , Shangyuan Tong , Yifei Wang , Stephen Bates , Tommi Jaakkola

Large language models have achieved remarkable success under the autoregressive paradigm, yet high-quality text generation need not be tied to a fixed left-to-right order. Existing alternatives still struggle to jointly achieve generation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Hongcan Guo , Qinyu Zhao , Yian Zhao , Shen Nie , Rui Zhu , Qiushan Guo , Feng Wang , Tao Yang , Hengshuang Zhao , Guoqiang Wei , Yan Zeng

We propose a new finetuning method to provide pre-trained large language models (LMs) the ability to scale test-time compute through the diffusion framework. By increasing the number of diffusion steps, we show our finetuned models achieve…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Edoardo Cetin , Tianyu Zhao , Yujin Tang

Diffusion language models promise parallel generation, yet still lag behind autoregressive (AR) models in quality. We stem this gap to a failure of introspective consistency: AR models agree with their own generations, while DLMs often do…