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Large Language Model (LLM) agents have shown stunning results in complex tasks, yet they often operate in isolation, failing to learn from past experiences. Existing memory-based methods primarily store raw trajectories, which are often…

Large language model (LLM) agents rely on reusable skills to solve complex tasks. However, existing skill creation approaches treat skills as isolated and static artifacts, limiting their reusability, reliability, and long-term improvement.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Huawei Lin , Peng Li , Jie Song , Fuxin Jiang , Tieying Zhang

Agentic large language models often rely on skills, reusable natural language procedures that guide planning, action, and tool use. In practice, skills are typically improved through prompt engineering or by aligning the task LLM itself,…

Skill-based reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising strategy to leverage prior knowledge for accelerated robot learning. Skills are typically extracted from expert demonstrations and are embedded into a latent space from…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2022-11-07 Krishan Rana , Ming Xu , Brendan Tidd , Michael Milford , Niko Sünderhauf

Agent skills, structured packages of procedural knowledge and executable resources that agents dynamically load at inference time, have become a reliable mechanism for augmenting LLM agents. Yet inference-time skill augmentation is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Zhengxi Lu , Zhiyuan Yao , Jinyang Wu , Chengcheng Han , Qi Gu , Xunliang Cai , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

The objective of lifelong reinforcement learning (RL) is to optimize agents which can continuously adapt and interact in changing environments. However, current RL approaches fail drastically when environments are non-stationary and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-17 Kevin Lu , Aditya Grover , Pieter Abbeel , Igor Mordatch

In practical LLM applications, users repeatedly express stable preferences and requirements, such as reducing hallucinations, following institutional writing conventions, or avoiding overly technical wording, yet such interaction experience…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Yutao Yang , Junsong Li , Qianjun Pan , Bihao Zhan , Yuxuan Cai , Lin Du , Jie Zhou , Kai Chen , Qin Chen , Xin Li , Bo Zhang , Liang He

The transition from monolithic language models to modular, skill-equipped agents marks a defining shift in how large language models (LLMs) are deployed in practice. Rather than encoding all procedural knowledge within model weights, agent…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Renjun Xu , Yang Yan

Skill Incremental Learning (SIL) is the process by which an embodied agent expands and refines its skill set over time by leveraging experience gained through interaction with its environment or by the integration of additional data. SIL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-15 Daehee Lee , Dongsu Lee , TaeYoon Kwack , Wonje Choi , Honguk Woo

Equipping large language models with explicit skills has emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling autonomous agents to solve complex tasks. Agent skills can be inherently divided into general skills for broad cognitive transfer and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Jiapeng Zhu , Jianxiang Yu , Yibo Zhao , Chengcheng Han , Qi Gu , Xunliang Cai , Xiang Li , Weining Qian

Self-supervised skill learning aims to acquire useful behaviors that leverage the underlying dynamics of the environment. Latent variable models, based on mutual information maximization, have been successful in this task but still struggle…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-22 David Emukpere , Bingbing Wu , Julien Perez , Jean-Michel Renders

Agentic RL can benefit substantially from reusable experience, yet existing skill-based methods mainly extract trajectory-level guidance and often lack principled mechanisms for maintaining an evolving skill memory. We propose D2Skill, a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Songjun Tu , Chengdong Xu , Qichao Zhang , Yaocheng Zhang , Xiangyuan Lan , Linjing Li , Dong Li , Dongbin Zhao

We study whether self-learning can scale LLM-based agents without relying on human-curated datasets or predefined rule-based rewards. Through controlled experiments in a search-agent setting, we identify two key determinants of scalable…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Wangtao Sun , Xiang Cheng , Jialin Fan , Yao Xu , Xing Yu , Shizhu He , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

A persistent skill library allows language model agents to reuse successful strategies across tasks. Maintaining such a library requires three coupled capabilities. The agent selects a relevant skill, utilizes it during execution, and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Yaorui Shi , Yuxin Chen , Zhengxi Lu , Yuchun Miao , Shugui Liu , Qi GU , Xunliang Cai , Xiang Wang , An Zhang

Most Large Language Model (LLM) agent memory systems rely on a small set of static, hand-designed operations for extracting memory. These fixed procedures hard-code human priors about what to store and how to revise memory, making them…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Haozhen Zhang , Quanyu Long , Jianzhu Bao , Tao Feng , Weizhi Zhang , Haodong Yue , Wenya Wang

Long-horizon LLM agents leave traces that could become reusable experience, but raw trajectories are noisy and hard to govern. We treat Agent Skills as an experience schema that couples executable scripts, with non-executable guidance on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Hongyi Liu , Haoyan Yang , Tao Jiang , Bo Tang , Feiyu Xiong , Zhiyu Li

Large language model (LLM)-based agents that reason, plan, and act through tools, memory, and structured interaction are emerging as a promising paradigm for automating complex workflows. Recent systems such as OpenClaw and Claude Code…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Yingli Zhou , Wang Shu , Yaodong Su , Wenchuan Du , Yixiang Fang , Xuemin Lin

Skills, i.e., structured workflow instructions distilled for large language models (LLMs), are becoming an increasingly important mechanism for improving agent performance on real-world downstream tasks. However, as the open-source skill…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Jiahao Ying , Boxian Ai , Wei Tang , Siyuan Liu , Yixin Cao

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into agentic problem solvers, they increasingly rely on external, reusable skills to handle tasks beyond their native parametric capabilities. In existing agent systems, the dominant strategy for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Weihang Su , Jianming Long , Qingyao Ai , Yichen Tang , Changyue Wang , Yiteng Tu , Yiqun Liu

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning and multi-turn interactions but struggle to continuously improve and adapt when deployed in new environments. One promising approach is…

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