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External memory is a key component of modern large language model (LLM) systems, enabling long-term interaction and personalization. Despite its importance, memory management is still largely driven by hand-designed heuristics, offering…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-29 Changzhi Sun , Xiangyu Chen , Jixiang Luo , Dell Zhang , Xuelong Li

Large language models deployed as autonomous agents face critical memory limitations, lacking selective forgetting mechanisms that lead to either catastrophic forgetting at context boundaries or information overload within them. While human…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Lei Wei , Xiao Peng , Xu Dong , Niantao Xie , Bin Wang

Large language model (LLM) agents require long-term memory to leverage information from past interactions. However, existing memory systems often face a fidelity--efficiency trade-off: raw dialogue histories are expensive, while flat facts…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Wentao Qiu , Haotian Hu , Fanyi Wang , Jinwei Kong , Yu Zhang

Long-horizon conversational agents require persistent memory for coherent reasoning, yet uncontrolled accumulation causes temporal decay and false memory propagation. Benchmarks such as LOCOMO and LOCCO report performance degradation from…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Payal Fofadiya , Sunil Tiwari

Memory is critical for enabling large language model (LLM) based agents to maintain coherent behavior over long-horizon interactions. However, existing agent memory systems suffer from two key gaps: they rely on a one-size-fits-all memory…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Mingfei Lu , Mengjia Wu , Feng Liu , Jiawei Xu , Weikai Li , Haoyang Wang , Zhengdong Hu , Ying Ding , Yizhou Sun , Jie Lu , Yi Zhang

Large language model (LLM) agents face fundamental limitations in long-horizon reasoning due to finite context windows, making effective memory management critical. Existing methods typically handle long-term memory (LTM) and short-term…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Yi Yu , Liuyi Yao , Yuexiang Xie , Qingquan Tan , Jiaqi Feng , Yaliang Li , Libing Wu

Large language models face challenges in long-context question answering, where key evidence of a query may be dispersed across millions of tokens. Existing works equip large language models with a memory buffer that is dynamically updated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Yaorui Shi , Yuxin Chen , Siyuan Wang , Sihang Li , Hengxing Cai , Qi Gu , Xiang Wang , An Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as intelligent agents that reason, plan, and interact with their environments. To effectively scale to long-horizon scenarios, a key capability for such agents is a memory mechanism…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Yuyang Hu , Jiongnan Liu , Jiejun Tan , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

Memory is a central capability for LLM agents operating across long-horizon tasks. Existing memory benchmarks predominantly evaluate retention of personalized information in multi-turn chat scenarios, overlooking the dynamic memory…

Modern LLM-based agents and chat assistants rely on long-term memory frameworks to store reusable knowledge, recall user preferences, and augment reasoning. As researchers create more complex memory architectures, it becomes increasingly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Alina Shutova , Alexandra Olenina , Ivan Vinogradov , Anton Sinitsin

Agents that learn to select optimal actions represent a prominent focus of the sequential decision-making literature. In the face of a complex environment or constraints on time and resources, however, aiming to synthesize such an optimal…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-23 Dilip Arumugam , Benjamin Van Roy

Agent memory shapes how Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents, akin to the human brain, progressively refine themselves through environment interactions. Existing paradigms remain constrained: parametric memory forcibly adjusts model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Guibin Zhang , Muxin Fu , Shuicheng Yan

Recent benchmarks for Large Language Model (LLM) agents mainly evaluate reasoning, planning, and execution. However, memory is also essential for agents, as it enables them to store, update, and retrieve information over time. This ability…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Yuyao Wang , Zhongjian Zhang , Mo Chi , Kaichi Yu , Yuhan Li , Miao Peng , Bing Tong , Chen Zhang , Yan Zhou , Jia Li

Personalized agents that interact with users over long periods must maintain persistent memory across sessions and update it as circumstances change. However, existing benchmarks predominantly frame long-term memory evaluation as fact…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Md Nayem Uddin , Kumar Shubham , Eduardo Blanco , Chitta Baral , Gengyu Wang

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on external memory to support long-horizon interaction, personalized assistance, and multi-step reasoning. However, existing memory systems still face three core challenges: they often…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-30 Shannan Yan , Jingchen Ni , Leqi Zheng , Jiajun Zhang , Peixi Wu , Dacheng Yin , Jing Lyu , Chun Yuan , Fengyun Rao

Throughout the cognitive-science literature, there is widespread agreement that decision-making agents operating in the real world do so under limited information-processing capabilities and without access to unbounded cognitive or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-01 Dilip Arumugam , Mark K. Ho , Noah D. Goodman , Benjamin Van Roy

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant computational and memory constraints when processing long contexts, despite growing demand for applications requiring reasoning over extensive documents, multi-session dialogues, and book length…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Chandra Vamsi Krishna Alla , Harish Naidu Gaddam , Manohar Kommi

Equipping agents with memory is essential for solving real-world long-horizon problems. However, most existing agent memory mechanisms rely on static and hand-crafted workflows. This limits the performance and generalization ability of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-30 Yupeng Huo , Yaxi Lu , Zhong Zhang , Haotian Chen , Yankai Lin

The exploration of whether agents can align with their environment without relying on human-labeled data presents an intriguing research topic. Drawing inspiration from the alignment process observed in intelligent organisms, where…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-06 Bo Wang , Tianxiang Sun , Hang Yan , Siyin Wang , Qingyuan Cheng , Xipeng Qiu

Memory is fundamental to large language model (LLM)-based agents, but existing surveys emphasize application-level use (e.g., personalized dialogue), while overlooking the atomic operations governing memory dynamics. This work categorizes…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-25 Yiming Du , Wenyu Huang , Danna Zheng , Zhaowei Wang , Sebastien Montella , Mirella Lapata , Kam-Fai Wong , Jeff Z. Pan
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