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We present speculative sampling, an algorithm for accelerating transformer decoding by enabling the generation of multiple tokens from each transformer call. Our algorithm relies on the observation that the latency of parallel scoring of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-02-03 Charlie Chen , Sebastian Borgeaud , Geoffrey Irving , Jean-Baptiste Lespiau , Laurent Sifre , John Jumper

This technical report describes the design and training of novel speculative decoding draft models, for accelerating the inference speeds of large language models in a production environment. By conditioning draft predictions on both…

Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference but suffers from performance degradation when target models are fine-tuned for specific domains. A naive solution is to retrain draft models for every target model, which is costly and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Luxi Lin , Zhihang Lin , Zhanpeng Zeng , Yuhao Chen , Qingyu Zhang , Jixiang Luo , Xuelong Li , Rongrong Ji

Retrieval-augmented language models (RaLM) have demonstrated the potential to solve knowledge-intensive natural language processing (NLP) tasks by combining a non-parametric knowledge base with a parametric language model. Instead of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-26 Zhihao Zhang , Alan Zhu , Lijie Yang , Yihua Xu , Lanting Li , Phitchaya Mangpo Phothilimthana , Zhihao Jia

Speculative decoding accelerates Large Language Model (LLM) inference by employing a small speculative model (SSM) to generate multiple candidate tokens and verify them using the LLM in parallel. This technique has been widely integrated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Ruixiao Li , Fahao Chen , Peng Li

Speculative decoding has emerged as a promising approach to accelerating large language model (LLM) generation using a fast drafter while maintaining alignment with the target model's distribution. However, existing approaches face a…

Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference by drafting multiple tokens and verifying them in parallel with the target model. However, its practical speedup is constrained by the trade-off between draft quality and drafting cost:…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Jianuo Huang , Yaojie Zhang , Qituan Zhang , Hao Lin , Hanlin Xu , Linfeng Zhang

Large language models achieve strong machine translation quality but incur high inference cost and latency, posing challenges for simultaneous translation. Re-translation provides a practical solution for off-the-shelf LLMs by repeatedly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Linxiao Zeng , Haoyun Deng , Kangyuan Shu , Shizhen Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable various applications on edge devices such as smartphones, wearables, and embodied robots. However, their deployment often depends on expensive cloud-based APIs, creating high operational costs, which…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Yeshwanth Venkatesha , Souvik Kundu , Priyadarshini Panda

Autoregressive Language Models instantiate a factorized likelihood over token sequences, yet their strictly sequential decoding process imposes an intrinsic lower bound on inference latency. This bottleneck has emerged as a central obstacle…

Speculative decoding has emerged as an effective approach for accelerating autoregressive inference by parallelizing token generation through a draft-then-verify paradigm. However, existing methods rely on static drafting lengths and rigid…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Jaydip Sen , Subhasis Dasgupta , Hetvi Waghela

Large language models incur high inference latency due to sequential autoregressive decoding. Speculative decoding alleviates this bottleneck by using a lightweight draft model to propose multiple tokens for batched verification. However,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code editing, substantially enhancing software development productivity. However, the inherent complexity of code editing tasks forces existing approaches to rely on…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Peiding Wang , Li Zhang , Fang Liu , Yinghao Zhu , Wang Xu , Lin Shi , Xiaoli Lian , Minxiao Li , Bo Shen , An Fu

Autoregressive decoding in Large Language Models (LLMs) generates one token per step, causing high inference latency. Speculative decoding (SD) mitigates this through a guess-and-verify strategy, but existing training-free variants face…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Zihong Zhang , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Ping Wang , Hai Zhao

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in multimodal understanding, yet they struggle when reasoning over information-intensive images that densely interleave textual annotations with fine-grained graphical…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Yuhan Liu , Lianhui Qin , Shengjie Wang

Federated inference enhances LLM performance in edge computing through weighted averaging of distributed model predictions. However, autoregressive LLM inference requires frequent full-model forward passes across workers, severely limiting…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-29 Ce Zheng , Xinghan Wang , Jiahong Ning , Yuxuan Shi , Ning Huang , Tingting Yang

Speculative decoding is an emerging technique that accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by allowing a smaller draft model to predict multiple tokens in advance, which are then verified or corrected by a larger target model. In…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-11-10 Ce Zheng , Tingting Yang

Speculative decoding is a technique that uses multiple language models to accelerate infer- ence. Previous works have used an experi- mental approach to optimize the throughput of the inference pipeline, which involves LLM training and can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-13 Amirhossein Bozorgkhoo , Igor Molybog

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant computational bottlenecks during inference due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention mechanisms, particularly as context lengths increase. We introduce SpecAttn, a novel training-free…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Harsh Shah

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable emergent abilities across various tasks, yet fall short of complex reasoning and planning tasks. The tree-search-based reasoning methods address this by surpassing the capabilities of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-18 Zhenglin Wang , Jialong Wu , Yilong Lai , Congzhi Zhang , Deyu Zhou
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