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Bilevel optimization (BLO) is a popular approach with many applications including hyperparameter optimization, neural architecture search, adversarial robustness and model-agnostic meta-learning. However, the approach suffers from time and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-08 Valerii Likhosherstov , Xingyou Song , Krzysztof Choromanski , Jared Davis , Adrian Weller

Bilevel optimization (BO) is useful for solving a variety of important machine learning problems including but not limited to hyperparameter optimization, meta-learning, continual learning, and reinforcement learning. Conventional BO…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-20 Mao Ye , Bo Liu , Stephen Wright , Peter Stone , Qiang Liu

In this paper, we consider non-convex stochastic bilevel optimization (SBO) problems that have many applications in machine learning. Although numerous studies have proposed stochastic algorithms for solving these problems, they are limited…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2021-06-15 Zhishuai Guo , Quanqi Hu , Lijun Zhang , Tianbao Yang

Bilevel optimization is an important formulation for many machine learning problems. Current bilevel optimization algorithms assume that the gradient of the upper-level function is Lipschitz. However, recent studies reveal that certain…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-19 Jie Hao , Xiaochuan Gong , Mingrui Liu

Stochastic Bilevel optimization usually involves minimizing an upper-level (UL) function that is dependent on the arg-min of a strongly-convex lower-level (LL) function. Several algorithms utilize Neumann series to approximate certain…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2023-06-22 Xuxing Chen , Tesi Xiao , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian

Bilevel optimization has garnered significant attention in the machine learning community recently, particularly regarding the development of efficient numerical methods. While substantial progress has been made in developing efficient…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-02-04 Qichao Cao , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

The popularity of bi-level optimization (BO) in deep learning has spurred a growing interest in studying gradient-based BO algorithms. However, existing algorithms involve two coupled learning rates that can be affected by approximation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-03 Chen Fan , Gaspard Choné-Ducasse , Mark Schmidt , Christos Thrampoulidis

We introduce contextual stochastic bilevel optimization (CSBO) -- a stochastic bilevel optimization framework with the lower-level problem minimizing an expectation conditioned on some contextual information and the upper-level decision…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2023-10-31 Yifan Hu , Jie Wang , Yao Xie , Andreas Krause , Daniel Kuhn

Bilevel optimization (BLO) offers a principled framework for hierarchical decision-making and has been widely applied in machine learning tasks such as hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning. While existing BLO methods are mostly…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-10-20 Zhuo Chen , Xinjian Xu , Shihui Ying , Tieyong Zeng

Optimal control of obstacle problems arises in a wide range of applications and is computationally challenging due to its nonsmoothness, nonlinearity, and bilevel structure. Classical numerical approaches rely on mesh-based discretization…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-01-08 Yongcun Song , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang , Lvgang Zhang

This article develops a Bayesian optimization (BO) method which acts directly over raw strings, proposing the first uses of string kernels and genetic algorithms within BO loops. Recent applications of BO over strings have been hindered by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-05 Henry B. Moss , Daniel Beck , Javier Gonzalez , David S. Leslie , Paul Rayson

Online bilevel optimization (OBO) is a powerful framework for machine learning problems where both outer and inner objectives evolve over time, requiring dynamic updates. Current OBO approaches rely on deterministic \textit{window-smoothed}…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Parvin Nazari , Bojian Hou , Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , Li Shen , George Michailidis

Stochastic bilevel optimization (SBO) has been integrated into many machine learning paradigms recently, including hyperparameter optimization, meta learning, and reinforcement learning. Along with the wide range of applications, there have…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Xuelin Zhang , Hong Chen , Bin Gu , Tieliang Gong , Feng Zheng

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a successful methodology to optimize black-box functions that are expensive to evaluate. While traditional methods optimize each black-box function in isolation, there has been recent interest in speeding up BO…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-09-30 Valerio Perrone , Huibin Shen , Matthias Seeger , Cedric Archambeau , Rodolphe Jenatton

Bilevel optimization (BO) has recently gained prominence in many machine learning applications due to its ability to capture the nested structure inherent in these problems. Recently, many hypergradient methods have been proposed as…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-09-04 Wanli Shi , Yi Chang , Bin Gu

In recent years, a variety of gradient-based methods have been developed to solve Bi-Level Optimization (BLO) problems in machine learning and computer vision areas. However, the theoretical correctness and practical effectiveness of these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-01-04 Risheng Liu , Pan Mu , Xiaoming Yuan , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

Stochastic bilevel optimization (SBO) is becoming increasingly essential in machine learning due to its versatility in handling nested structures. To address large-scale SBO, decentralized approaches have emerged as effective paradigms in…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-11-27 Boao Kong , Shuchen Zhu , Songtao Lu , Xinmeng Huang , Kun Yuan

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful approach to sample-efficient optimization of black-box objective functions. However, the application of BO to areas such as recommendation systems often requires taking the interpretability and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-06 Sulin Liu , Qing Feng , David Eriksson , Benjamin Letham , Eytan Bakshy

Contextual Stochastic Bilevel Optimization (CSBO) extends standard stochastic bilevel optimization (SBO) by incorporating context-dependent lower-level problems. CSBO problems are generally intractable since existing methods require solving…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-10-07 Maxime Bouscary , Jiawei Zhang , Saurabh Amin

While Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a very popular method for optimizing expensive black-box functions, it fails to leverage the experience of domain experts. This causes BO to waste function evaluations on bad design choices (e.g., machine…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-04-20 Artur Souza , Luigi Nardi , Leonardo B. Oliveira , Kunle Olukotun , Marius Lindauer , Frank Hutter
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