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Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) plays a crucial role in expanding the capacities of LLM reasoning, but GRPO-style training is dominated by expensive rollouts and wastes compute on unusable prompts. We propose Prompt…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Andrei Baroian , Rutger Berger

Generalization and adaptation of learned skills to novel situations is a core requirement for intelligent autonomous robots. Although contextual reinforcement learning provides a principled framework for learning and generalization of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-08 Pascal Klink , Hany Abdulsamad , Boris Belousov , Jan Peters

Off-policy sampling and experience replay are key for improving sample efficiency and scaling model-free temporal difference learning methods. When combined with function approximation, such as neural networks, this combination is known as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-13 Ray Jiang , Shangtong Zhang , Veronica Chelu , Adam White , Hado van Hasselt

Reinforcement learning (RL) is vital for optimizing large language models (LLMs). Recent Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) estimates advantages using multiple on-policy outputs per prompt, leading to high computational costs and low…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Siheng Li , Zhanhui Zhou , Wai Lam , Chao Yang , Chaochao Lu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has significantly advanced the field of combinatorial optimization (CO). However, its practicality is hindered by the necessity for a large number of reward evaluations, especially in scenarios involving…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-18 Hyeonah Kim , Minsu Kim , Sungsoo Ahn , Jinkyoo Park

Large scale reinforcement learning has become a central tool for improving reasoning in large language models. At this scale, generation is often lagged or asynchronous, so updates are performed on data collected by older policies. This…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Otmane Sakhi , Aleksei Arzhantsev , Imad Aouali , Flavian Vasile

We aim to develop off-policy DRL algorithms that not only exceed state-of-the-art performance but are also simple and minimalistic. For standard continuous control benchmarks, Soft Actor-Critic (SAC), which employs entropy maximization,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-08 Che Wang , Yanqiu Wu , Quan Vuong , Keith Ross

The problem of reinforcement learning is considered where the environment or the model undergoes a change. An algorithm is proposed that an agent can apply in such a problem to achieve the optimal long-time discounted reward. The algorithm…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-04-25 Wuxia Chen , Taposh Banerjee , Jemin George , Carl Busart

Imitation learning has proven effective for training robots to perform complex tasks from expert human demonstrations. However, it remains limited by its reliance on high-quality, task-specific data, restricting adaptability to the diverse…

While reinforcement learning algorithms can learn effective policies for complex tasks, these policies are often brittle to even minor task variations, especially when variations are not explicitly provided during training. One natural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-09 Saurabh Kumar , Aviral Kumar , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL) has had incredible achievements on high dimensional problems, yet its learning process remains unstable even on the simplest tasks. Deep RL uses neural networks as function approximators. These neural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-18 Riccardo Della Vecchia , Alena Shilova , Philippe Preux , Riad Akrour

Recently experience replay is widely used in various deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, in this paper we rethink the utility of experience replay. It introduces a new hyper-parameter, the memory buffer size, which needs carefully…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-05-01 Shangtong Zhang , Richard S. Sutton

Reinforcement learning has emerged as a promising methodology for training robot controllers. However, most results have been limited to simulation due to the need for a large number of samples and the lack of automated-yet-safe data…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2018-03-29 Kendall Lowrey , Svetoslav Kolev , Jeremy Dao , Aravind Rajeswaran , Emanuel Todorov

Sample efficiency and exploration remain major challenges in online reinforcement learning (RL). A powerful approach that can be applied to address these issues is the inclusion of offline data, such as prior trajectories from a human…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-01 Philip J. Ball , Laura Smith , Ilya Kostrikov , Sergey Levine

Uniform random exploration in decision-making systems supports off-policy learning via supervision but incurs high regret, making it impractical for many applications. Conversely, non-uniform exploration offers better immediate performance…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-11 Akhila Vangara , Alex Egg

In continual learning, a system learns from non-stationary data streams or batches without catastrophic forgetting. While this problem has been heavily studied in supervised image classification and reinforcement learning, continual…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-04-20 Tyler L. Hayes , Christopher Kanan

Recent advance in deep offline reinforcement learning (RL) has made it possible to train strong robotic agents from offline datasets. However, depending on the quality of the trained agents and the application being considered, it is often…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2021-11-02 Seunghyun Lee , Younggyo Seo , Kimin Lee , Pieter Abbeel , Jinwoo Shin

We study the problem of off-policy value evaluation in reinforcement learning (RL), where one aims to estimate the value of a new policy based on data collected by a different policy. This problem is often a critical step when applying RL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2016-05-27 Nan Jiang , Lihong Li

Off-policy deep reinforcement learning (RL) typically leverages replay buffers for reusing past experiences during learning. This can help improve sample efficiency when the collected data is informative and aligned with the learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Jiashun Liu , Johan Obando-Ceron , Pablo Samuel Castro , Aaron Courville , Ling Pan

Offline meta-reinforcement learning aims to equip agents with the ability to rapidly adapt to new tasks by training on data from a set of different tasks. Context-based approaches utilize a history of state-action-reward transitions --…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-23 Mohammadreza Nakhaei , Aidan Scannell , Joni Pajarinen