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Speculative Decoding (SD) is a recently proposed technique for faster inference using Large Language Models (LLMs). SD operates by using a smaller draft LLM for autoregressively generating a sequence of tokens and a larger target LLM for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-09 Meiyu Zhong , Noel Teku , Ravi Tandon

Large language models typically generate tokens autoregressively, using each token as input for the next. Recent work on Speculative Decoding has sought to accelerate this process by employing a smaller, faster draft model to more quickly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-24 Bradley McDanel

Inference with modern Large Language Models (LLMs) is expensive and slow, and speculative sampling has emerged as an effective solution to this problem, however, the number of the calls to the draft model for generating candidate tokens in…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Junjie Ma , Jinlong Li

Optimizing inference for long-context large language models (LLMs) is increasingly important due to the quadratic compute and linear memory cost of Transformers. Existing approximate inference methods, including key-value (KV) cache…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Kevin Galim , Ethan Ewer , Wonjun Kang , Minjae Lee , Hyung Il Koo , Kangwook Lee

Speculative decoding (SD), where a draft model provides multiple candidate tokens for the target model to verify in parallel, has demonstrated significant potential for accelerating LLM inference. Yet, existing SD approaches adhere to a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Enyu Zhou , Kai Sheng , Hao Chen , Xin He

Practitioners have consistently observed three puzzling phenomena in transformer-based large language models (LLMs): attention sinks, value-state drains, and residual-state peaks, collectively referred to as extreme-token phenomena. These…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-08 Tianyu Guo , Druv Pai , Yu Bai , Jiantao Jiao , Michael I. Jordan , Song Mei

Vision-language Models (VLMs) have made significant strides in visual understanding and query response generation, but often face challenges of high computational cost and inference latency due to autoregressive decoding. In this work, we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Divya Jyoti Bajpai , Manjesh Kumar Hanawal

Diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a competitive alternative to autoregressive models, offering unique advantages through bidirectional attention and parallel generation paradigms. However, the generation results…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Yifeng Gao , Ziang Ji , Yuxuan Wang , Biqing Qi , Hanlin Xu , Linfeng Zhang

Striking an optimal balance between minimal drafting latency and high speculation accuracy to enhance the inference speed of Large Language Models remains a significant challenge in speculative decoding. In this paper, we introduce Falcon,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-23 Xiangxiang Gao , Weisheng Xie , Yiwei Xiang , Feng Ji

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks. However, the substantial number of parameters in LLMs contributes to significant latency during model inference. This is particularly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-19 Pengfei Wu , Jiahao Liu , Zhuocheng Gong , Qifan Wang , Jinpeng Li , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao

Despite considerable advancements with deep neural language models (LMs), neural text generation still suffers from degeneration: the generated text is repetitive, generic, self-contradictory, and often lacks commonsense. Our analyses on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-10-15 Yue Dong , Chandra Bhagavatula , Ximing Lu , Jena D. Hwang , Antoine Bosselut , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung , Yejin Choi

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across diverse tasks but suffer from high inference latency due to their autoregressive generation. Speculative Decoding (SPD) mitigates this issue by verifying candidate tokens in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-30 Jinze Li , Yixing Xu , Guanchen Li , Shuo Yang , Jinfeng Xu , Xuanwu Yin , Dong Li , Edith C. H. Ngai , Emad Barsoum

We present Recurrent Drafter (ReDrafter), an advanced speculative decoding approach that achieves state-of-the-art speedup for large language models (LLMs) inference. The performance gains are driven by three key aspects: (1) leveraging a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Yunfei Cheng , Aonan Zhang , Xuanyu Zhang , Chong Wang , Yi Wang

Large reasoning language models such as OpenAI-o1 and Deepseek-R1 have recently attracted widespread attention due to their impressive task-solving abilities. However, the enormous model size and the generation of lengthy thought chains…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Jikai Wang , Juntao Li , Jianye Hou , Bowen Yan , Lijun Wu , Min Zhang

Transformer-based autoregressive sampling has been the major bottleneck for slowing down large language model inferences. One effective way to accelerate inference is \emph{Speculative Decoding}, which employs a small model to sample a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Ming Yin , Minshuo Chen , Kaixuan Huang , Mengdi Wang

Speculative decoding has demonstrated its effectiveness in accelerating the inference of large language models while maintaining a consistent sampling distribution. However, the conventional approach of training a separate draft model to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-30 Fangcheng Liu , Yehui Tang , Zhenhua Liu , Yunsheng Ni , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang

Speculative decoding (SD) is a powerful technique for accelerating the inference process of large language models (LLMs) without sacrificing accuracy. Typically, SD employs a small draft model to generate a fixed number of draft tokens,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Situo Zhang , Yifan Zhang , Zichen Zhu , Hankun Wang , Da Ma , Danyang Zhang , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

Adapting large language models (LLMs) via reinforcement learning (RL) is often bottlenecked by the generation stage, which can consume over 75\% of the training time. Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates autoregressive generation in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Qiaoling Chen , Zijun Liu , Peng Sun , Shenggui Li , Guoteng Wang , Ziming Liu , Yonggang Wen , Siyuan Feng , Tianwei Zhang

Speculative decoding is widely adopted to reduce latency in large language model (LLM) inference by leveraging smaller draft models capable of handling diverse user tasks. However, emerging AI applications, such as LLM-based agents, present…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Gabriele Oliaro , Zhihao Jia , Daniel Campos , Aurick Qiao

The quadratic complexity of attention imposes severe memory and computational bottlenecks on Large Language Model (LLM) inference. This challenge is particularly acute for emerging agentic applications that require processing multi-million…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Ceyu Xu , Jiangnan Yu , Yongji Wu , Yuan Xie
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