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In structured decision-making workflows such as form filling, compliance checking, and maintenance reporting, LLM outputs must be locally correct, globally consistent, and auditable against task-specific rules. Existing refinement methods…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Fei Xu Yu , Zuyuan Zhang , Mahdi Imani , Nathaniel D. Bastian , Tian Lan

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming the foundation for autonomous agents that can use tools to solve complex tasks. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a common approach for injecting such agentic capabilities, but typically…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-26 Emre Can Acikgoz , Cheng Qian , Jonas Hübotter , Heng Ji , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) reasoning through reinforcement learning rely on annotated datasets for verifiable rewards, which may limit models' ability to surpass human-level performance. While self-play offers a promising…

Previous work has shown that training "helpful-only" LLMs with reinforcement learning on a curriculum of gameable environments can lead models to generalize to egregious specification gaming, such as editing their own reward function or…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Leo McKee-Reid , Christoph Sträter , Maria Angelica Martinez , Joe Needham , Mikita Balesni

Protein generative models have shown remarkable promise in protein design, yet their success rates remain constrained by reliance on curated sequence-structure datasets and by misalignment between supervised objectives and real design…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Ziwen Wang , Jiajun Fan , Ruihan Guo , Thao Nguyen , Heng Ji , Ge Liu

There has been considerable divergence of opinion on the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). While the initial optimism that reasoning might emerge automatically with scale has been tempered thanks to a slew of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Kaya Stechly , Karthik Valmeekam , Subbarao Kambhampati

Self-play reinforcement learning trains language models on their own generated tasks, co-evolving a proposer and solver without human labels. Recent systems report strong reasoning gains, but collapse and instability are widely observed and…

This paper presents AutoHint, a novel framework for automatic prompt engineering and optimization for Large Language Models (LLM). While LLMs have demonstrated remarkable ability in achieving high-quality annotation in various tasks, the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-10 Hong Sun , Xue Li , Yinchuan Xu , Youkow Homma , Qi Cao , Min Wu , Jian Jiao , Denis Charles

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) reasoning, led by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), have inspired self-play post-training, where models improve by generating and solving their own problems. While self-play…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Justin Yang Chae , Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable progress in code generation, yet their ability to construct complete software repositories from scratch remains poorly understood. A fundamental bottleneck is the lack of…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Zhaoxi Zhang , Yiming Xu , Jiahui Liang , Weikang Li , Xiaoshuai Chen , Liwei Qian , Xin Pei , Jizhou Huang , Run Sun , Yunfang Wu

Code generation is important in software engineering, and Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is a powerful paradigm to improve it through execution-based feedback. However, most RLVR pipelines rely on human-curated tests,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Lishui Fan , Mouxiang Chen , Tingwei Zhu , Kui Liu , Xin Xia , Shanping Li , Zhongxin Liu

LLM agents acting in structured environments fail in operational rather than conversational ways, and reliability depends on procedural knowledge of the environment. Prior self-improvement methods accumulate natural-language guidance…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) enhances Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning but suffers from advantage collapse on ``hard samples'' where all rollouts fail. This lack of variance eliminates crucial learning signals.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Xinyu Lu , Kaiqi Zhang , Jinglin Yang , Boxi Cao , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Min He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

Large language models (LLMs) generate fluent and complex outputs but often fail to recognize their own mistakes and hallucinations. Existing approaches typically rely on external judges, multi-sample consistency, or text-based…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Amirhosein Ghasemabadi , Di Niu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance across various tasks, yet they still exhibit limitations such as hallucination, unfaithful reasoning, and toxic content. One potential approach to mitigate these issues…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-19 Yuxuan Yao , Han Wu , Zhijiang Guo , Biyan Zhou , Jiahui Gao , Sichun Luo , Hanxu Hou , Xiaojin Fu , Linqi Song

The reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have been significantly improved through reinforcement learning (RL). Nevertheless, LLMs still struggle to consistently verify their own reasoning traces. This raises the research…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-20 Xiaoxuan Wang , Bo Liu , Song Jiang , Jingzhou Liu , Jingyuan Qi , Xia Chen , Baosheng He

Automatic speaker verification task has made great achievements using deep learning approaches with the large-scale manually annotated dataset. However, it's very difficult and expensive to collect a large amount of well-labeled data for…

声音 · 计算机科学 2023-04-13 Bing Han , Zhengyang Chen , Yanmin Qian

Current post-training methods in verifiable settings fall into two categories. Reinforcement learning (RLVR) relies on binary rewards, which are broadly applicable and powerful, but provide only sparse supervision during training.…

Self-improving large language models (LLMs) -- i.e., to improve the performance of an LLM by fine-tuning it with synthetic data generated by itself -- is a promising way to advance the capabilities of LLMs while avoiding extensive…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-20 Yutao Sun , Mingshuai Chen , Tiancheng Zhao , Ruochen Xu , Zilun Zhang , Jianwei Yin

Improving the code generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) typically relies on supervised fine-tuning or preference optimization, both of which require costly external resources such as powerful teacher models or reliable…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Huan Zhang , Wei Cheng , Wei Hu