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Neural Processes (NPs) are a rapidly evolving class of models designed to directly model the posterior predictive distribution of stochastic processes. Originally developed as a scalable alternative to Gaussian Processes (GPs), which are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Daniel Jenson , Jhonathan Navott , Mengyan Zhang , Makkunda Sharma , Elizaveta Semenova , Seth Flaxman

Training and serving long-context large language models (LLMs) incurs substantial overhead. To address this, two critical steps are often required: a pretrained LLM typically undergoes a separate stage for context length extension by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-06 Suyu Ge , Xihui Lin , Yunan Zhang , Jiawei Han , Hao Peng

Inference-time scaling trades efficiency for increased reasoning accuracy by generating longer or more parallel sequences. However, in Transformer LLMs, generation cost is bottlenecked by the size of the key-value (KV) cache, rather than…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Adrian Łańcucki , Konrad Staniszewski , Piotr Nawrot , Edoardo M. Ponti

Transformers and large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized machine learning, with attention mechanisms at the core of their success. As the landscape of attention variants expands, so too do the challenges of optimizing their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-24 Feiyang Chen , Yu Cheng , Lei Wang , Yuqing Xia , Ziming Miao , Lingxiao Ma , Fan Yang , Jilong Xue , Zhi Yang , Mao Yang , Haibo Chen

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across a wide range of practical applications. However, long-context inference remains a significant challenge due to the substantial memory requirements…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Bo Jiang , Taolue Yang , Youyuan Liu , Xubin He , Sheng Di , Sian Jin

As the length of input text increases, the key-value (KV) cache in LLMs imposes prohibitive GPU memory costs and limits long-context inference on resource constrained devices. Existing approaches, such as KV quantization and pruning, reduce…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-24 Tenghui Li , Guoxu Zhou , Xuyang Zhao , Yuning Qiu , Qibin Zhao

While autoregressive Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate remarkable proficiency in multimodal tasks, they face a "Visual Signal Dilution" phenomenon, where the accumulation of textual history expands the attention partition…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Siyuan Huang , Xiaoye Qu , Yafu Li , Tong Zhu , Zefeng He , Muxin Fu , Daizong Liu , Wei-Long Zheng , Yu Cheng

In recent years, with the development of quantum machine learning, quantum neural networks (QNNs) have gained increasing attention in the field of natural language processing (NLP) and have achieved a series of promising results. However,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-05-24 Yixiong Chen , Weichuan Fang

The Transformer, with its scaled dot-product attention mechanism, has become a foundational architecture in modern AI. However, this mechanism is computationally intensive and incurs substantial energy costs. We propose a new Transformer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Xin Gao , Xingming Xu , Shirin Amiraslani , Hong Xu

Transformers process images and videos by flattening space and time into long token sequences. While attention and KV caching preserve past features, their memory grows with sequence length and they lack an explicit, persistent spatial…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Kabir Swain , Sijie Han , Daniel Karl I. Weidele , Mauro Martino , Antonio Torralba

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant deployment challenges due to their substantial memory requirements and the computational demands of auto-regressive text generation process. This paper addresses these challenges by focusing on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-21 Yuxuan Yue , Zhihang Yuan , Haojie Duanmu , Sifan Zhou , Jianlong Wu , Liqiang Nie

The growing size of Large Language Models (LLMs) makes efficient inference challenging, primarily due to the memory demands of the autoregressive Key-Value (KV) cache. Existing eviction or compression methods reduce cost but rely on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Luca Moschella , Laura Manduchi , Ozan Sener

Vision Transformers have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many visual tasks. Due to the quadratic computational and memory complexities of self-attention, recent works either apply attention only to low-resolution inputs or restrict…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-07-05 Cheng Li , Yangxin Liu

The quadratic complexity of the attention module makes it gradually become the bulk of compute in Transformer-based LLMs during generation. Moreover, the excessive key-value cache that arises when dealing with long inputs also brings severe…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-17 Siyu Ren , Qi Jia , Kenny Q. Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing, achieving unprecedented performance across a variety of applications. However, their increased computational and memory demands present significant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Yuhui Xu , Zhanming Jie , Hanze Dong , Lei Wang , Xudong Lu , Aojun Zhou , Amrita Saha , Caiming Xiong , Doyen Sahoo

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, necessitate substantial GPU memory and consume significant computational resources. Beyond the memory taken up by model weights, the memory…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-24 Jincheng Dai , Zhuowei Huang , Haiyun Jiang , Chen Chen , Deng Cai , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly boosted long-context processing. However, the increasing key-value (KV) cache size poses critical challenges to memory and execution efficiency. Most KV cache compression…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Xiaolin Lin , Jingcun Wang , Olga Kondrateva , Yiyu Shi , Bing Li , Grace Li Zhang

Existing key-value (KV) cache compression methods for large language models (LLMs) often rely on token eviction, which risks losing critical local information in both long prefilling and decoding scenarios. When extrapolating beyond the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Jushi Kai , Yixuan Wang , Boyi Zeng , Haoli Bai , Bo Jiang , Ziwei He , Zhouhan Lin

Key-Value cache (\texttt{KV} \texttt{cache}) compression has emerged as a promising technique to optimize Large Language Model (LLM) serving. It primarily decreases the memory consumption of \texttt{KV} \texttt{cache} to reduce the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Wei Gao , Xinyu Zhou , Peng Sun , Tianwei Zhang , Yonggang Wen

Long-form video question answering (VQA) overwhelms current vision-language models (VLMs) because attention and key-value (KV) caches grow with runtime, forcing either expensive inference or near-sighted sliding windows. We introduce…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Shrenik Patel , Daivik Patel