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Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is a supervised learning algorithm that trains network parameters using local neuronal activity. This is in stark contrast to backpropagation, where updating the parameters of the network requires significant…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Jonathan Peters , Philippe Talatchian

Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is a biologically inspired alternative algorithm to backpropagation (BP) for training neural networks. It applies to RNNs fed by a static input x that settle to a steady state, such as Hopfield networks. EP is…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2020-05-11 Maxence Ernoult , Julie Grollier , Damien Querlioz , Yoshua Bengio , Benjamin Scellier

Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is a biologically-inspired counterpart of Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) which, owing to its strong theoretical guarantees and the locality in space of its learning rule, fosters the design of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-01-15 Axel Laborieux , Maxence Ernoult , Benjamin Scellier , Yoshua Bengio , Julie Grollier , Damien Querlioz

Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is a biologically inspired learning algorithm for convergent recurrent neural networks, i.e. RNNs that are fed by a static input x and settle to a steady state. Training convergent RNNs consists in adjusting the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-06-03 Maxence Ernoult , Julie Grollier , Damien Querlioz , Yoshua Bengio , Benjamin Scellier

Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is an algorithm intrinsically adapted to the training of physical networks, thanks to the local updates of weights given by the internal dynamics of the system. However, the construction of such a hardware…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2021-04-20 Jérémie Laydevant , Maxence Ernoult , Damien Querlioz , Julie Grollier

Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is a biologically-inspired algorithm for convergent RNNs with a local learning rule that comes with strong theoretical guarantees. The parameter updates of the neural network during the credit assignment phase…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2020-06-09 Axel Laborieux , Maxence Ernoult , Benjamin Scellier , Yoshua Bengio , Julie Grollier , Damien Querlioz

Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is a biologically inspired local learning rule first proposed for convergent recurrent neural networks (CRNNs), in which synaptic updates depend only on neuron states from two distinct phases. EP estimates…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Jiaqi Lin , Malyaban Bal , Abhronil Sengupta

Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is a physics-inspired learning algorithm that uses stationary states of a dynamical system both for inference and learning. In its original formulation it is limited to conservative systems, $\textit{i.e.}$ to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Antonino Emanuele Scurria , Dimitri Vanden Abeele , Bortolo Matteo Mognetti , Serge Massar

Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is a biologically plausible local learning algorithm initially developed for convergent recurrent neural networks (RNNs), where weight updates rely solely on the connecting neuron states across two phases. The…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2024-07-04 Jiaqi Lin , Malyaban Bal , Abhronil Sengupta

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) promise energy-efficient, sparse, biologically inspired computation. Training them with Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) and surrogate gradients achieves strong performance but remains biologically…

新兴技术 · 计算机科学 2025-11-17 Jiaqi Lin , Yi Jiang , Abhronil Sengupta

Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is a learning algorithm that bridges Machine Learning and Neuroscience, by computing gradients closely matching those of Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT), but with a learning rule local in space. Given an…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2020-05-11 Maxence Ernoult , Julie Grollier , Damien Querlioz , Yoshua Bengio , Benjamin Scellier

Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is a powerful and more bio-plausible alternative to conventional learning frameworks such as backpropagation. The effectiveness of EP stems from the fact that it relies only on local computations and requires…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2023-08-23 Malyaban Bal , Abhronil Sengupta

Backpropagation learning algorithm, the workhorse of modern artificial intelligence, is notoriously difficult to implement in physical neural networks. Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is an alternative with comparable efficiency and strong…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Karol Sajnok , Michał Matuszewski

Brain-like intelligent systems need brain-like learning methods. Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is a biologically plausible learning framework with strong potential for brain-inspired computing hardware. However, existing im-plementations of…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Zhuo Liu , Tao Chen

Equilibrium propagation (EP) is an alternative to backpropagation (BP) that allows the training of deep neural networks with local learning rules. It thus provides a compelling framework for training neuromorphic systems and understanding…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-02 Axel Laborieux , Friedemann Zenke

Equilibrium propagation (EP) is a training framework for energy-based systems, i.e. systems whose physics minimizes an energy function. EP has been explored in various classical physical systems such as resistor networks, elastic networks,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-06-04 Benjamin Scellier

Equilibrium propagation (EP) is a compelling alternative to the backpropagation of error algorithm (BP) for computing gradients of neural networks on biological or analog neuromorphic substrates. Still, the algorithm requires weight…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Axel Laborieux , Friedemann Zenke

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) trained using Equilibrium Propagation (EP), a biologically plausible training algorithm, have demonstrated strong performance in various tasks such as image classification and reinforcement learning.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Yoshimasa Kubo , Jean Erik Delanois , Maxim Bazhenov

The success of deep learning, a brain-inspired form of AI, has sparked interest in understanding how the brain could similarly learn across multiple layers of neurons. However, the majority of biologically-plausible learning algorithms have…

The brain can efficiently learn a wide range of tasks, motivating the search for biologically inspired learning rules for improving current artificial intelligence technology. Most biological models are composed of point neurons, and cannot…

神经元与认知 · 定量生物学 2026-04-13 Cristiano Capone , Cosimo Lupo , Paolo Muratore , Pier Stanislao Paolucci
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