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Quantum error correction (QEC), the lynchpin of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), is designed and validated against well-behaved Pauli stochastic error models. But in real-world deployment, QEC protocols encounter a vast array of…

We propose a novel technique for optimizing a modular fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture, taking into account any desired space-time trade-offs between the number of physical qubits and the fault-tolerant execution time of a…

Fault-tolerance is the future of quantum computing, ensuring error-corrected quantum computation that can be used for practical applications. Resource requirements for fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) are daunting, and hence,…

Quantum computers capable of solving classically intractable problems are under construction, and intermediate-scale devices are approaching completion. Current efforts to design large-scale devices require allocating immense resources to…

Quantum computers face significant challenges from quantum deviations or coherent noise, particularly during gate operations, which pose a complex threat to the efficacy of quantum error correction (QEC) protocols. In this study, we…

In this thesis we examine a variety of techniques for reducing the resources required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. First, we show how to simplify universal encoded computation by using only transversal gates and standard error…

To ensure resilience against the unavoidable noise in quantum computers, quantum information needs to be encoded using an error-correcting code, and circuits must have a particular structure to be fault-tolerant. Compilation of…

Practical quantum computation requires high-fidelity instruction executions on qubits. Among them, Clifford instructions are relatively easy to perform, while non-Clifford instructions require the use of magic states. This makes magic state…

Measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) is a promising approach to reducing circuit depth in noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms such as the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE). Unlike gate-based computing, MBQC employs local…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing. However, it requires classical decoders that are fast and accurate enough to keep pace with quantum hardware. While quantum low-density parity-check codes have…

Topological color codes are widely acknowledged as promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Neither a two-dimensional nor a three-dimensional topology, however, can provide a universal gate set $\{$H, T, CNOT$\}$, with the…

Current experiments are taking the first steps toward noise-resilient logical qubits. Crucially, a quantum computer must not merely store information, but also process it. A fault-tolerant computational procedure ensures that errors do not…

Quantum Error Correction (QEC), combined with magic state distillation, ensures fault tolerance in large-scale quantum computation. To apply QEC, a circuit must first be transformed into a non-Clifford (or T) gate set. T-depth, the number…

With the advent of interconnected quantum computers, i.e., distributed quantum computing (DQC), multiple quantum computers can now collaborate via quantum networks to perform massively complex computational tasks. However, DQC faces…

Studies of quantum error correction (QEC) typically focus on stochastic Pauli errors because the existence of a threshold error rate below which stochastic Pauli errors can be corrected implies that there exists a threshold below which…

Quantum error correction is a cornerstone of reliable quantum computing, with surface codes emerging as a prominent method for protecting quantum information. Surface codes are efficient for Clifford gates but require magic state…

Quantum computing has made significant advancements in the last years in both hardware and software. Unfortunately, the currently available Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware is still heavily affected by noise. Many…

The failure susceptibility of the quantum hardware will force quantum computers to execute fault-tolerant quantum circuits. These circuits are based on quantum error correcting codes, and there is increasing evidence that one of the most…

Quantum computers are predicted to utilize quantum states to perform memory and to process tasks far faster than those of conventional classical computers. In this paper we show a new road towards building fault tolerance quantum computer…

Quantum computers have recently made great strides and are on a long-term path towards useful fault-tolerant computation. A dominant overhead in fault-tolerant quantum computation is the production of high-fidelity encoded qubits, called…