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Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has greatly improved the performance of modern Large Language Models (LLMs). The RLHF process is resource-intensive and technically challenging, generally requiring a large collection of…

Long story generation remains a challenge for existing large language models (LLMs), primarily due to two main factors: (1) discourse coherence, which requires plot consistency, logical coherence, and completeness in the long-form…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Haotian Xia , Hao Peng , Yunjia Qi , Xiaozhi Wang , Bin Xu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

We explore story generation: creative systems that can build coherent and fluent passages of text about a topic. We collect a large dataset of 300K human-written stories paired with writing prompts from an online forum. Our dataset enables…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-05-15 Angela Fan , Mike Lewis , Yann Dauphin

Reward models (RM) capture the values and preferences of humans and play a central role in Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) to align pretrained large language models (LLMs). Traditionally, training these models relies on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-12 Yifei He , Haoxiang Wang , Ziyan Jiang , Alexandros Papangelis , Han Zhao

Automated long-form story generation typically employs long-context large language models (LLMs) for one-shot creation, which can produce cohesive but not necessarily engaging content. We introduce Storytelling With Action Guidance (SWAG),…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Zeeshan Patel , Karim El-Refai , Jonathan Pei , Tianle Li

Large decoder-based language models have become the dominant architecture for reward modeling in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, as reward models are increasingly deployed in test-time strategies, their inference…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Sarah Pan

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to aid and improve human decision-making in classification tasks, not only by providing fairly accurate predictions, but also in their ability to generate cogent narrative explanations of…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Laura R. Marusich , Mary Grace Kozuch Dhooghe , Jonathan Z. Bakdash , Murat Kantarcioglu

Stories are a fundamental aspect of human experience. Engaging deeply with stories and spotting plot holes -- inconsistencies in a storyline that break the internal logic or rules of a story's world -- requires nuanced reasoning skills,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Kabir Ahuja , Melanie Sclar , Yulia Tsvetkov

Large Language Models have demonstrated outstanding performance across various downstream tasks and have been widely applied in multiple scenarios. Human-annotated preference data is used for training to further improve LLMs' performance,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-06 Shimao Zhang , Xiao Liu , Xin Zhang , Junxiao Liu , Zheheng Luo , Shujian Huang , Yeyun Gong

Aligning language models (LMs) based on human-annotated preference data is a crucial step in obtaining practical and performant LM-based systems. However, multilingual human preference data are difficult to obtain at scale, making it…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Zhaofeng Wu , Ananth Balashankar , Yoon Kim , Jacob Eisenstein , Ahmad Beirami

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has become ubiquitous, with abundant applications in computational creativity. One such application is fictional story generation. Fiction is a narrative that occurs in a story world that is slightly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-16 Aisha Khatun , Daniel G. Brown

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback aligns the outputs of Large Language Models with human values and preferences. Central to this process is the reward model (RM), which translates human feedback into training signals for optimising…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Zeyu Huang , Zihan Qiu , Zili Wang , Edoardo M. Ponti , Ivan Titov

Reward Model (RM) has demonstrated impressive potential for enhancing Large Language Models (LLM), as RM can serve as a proxy for human preferences, providing signals to guide LLMs' behavior in various tasks. In this paper, we provide a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-18 Jialun Zhong , Wei Shen , Yanzeng Li , Songyang Gao , Hua Lu , Yicheng Chen , Yang Zhang , Wei Zhou , Jinjie Gu , Lei Zou

Reward Models, essential for guiding Large Language Model optimization, are typically trained on fixed preference datasets, resulting in rigid alignment to single, implicit preference distributions. This prevents adaptation to diverse…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Zhuohao Yu , Jiali Zeng , Weizheng Gu , Yidong Wang , Jindong Wang , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Yue Zhang , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Process Reward Models (PRMs) have emerged as a powerful tool for providing step-level feedback when evaluating the reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs), which frequently produce chains of thought (CoTs) containing errors even when the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Raffaele Pisano , Roberto Navigli

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have brought them closer to matching human cognition across a variety of tasks. How well do these models align with human performance in detecting and mapping analogies? Prior research has…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-16 Kalit Inani , Keshav Kabra , Vijay Marupudi , Sashank Varma

Large language models (LLMs) hold potential for mental healthcare applications, particularly in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based counseling, where reward models play a critical role in aligning LLMs with preferred therapeutic…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2026-03-13 Yougen Zhou , Qin Chen , Ningning Zhou , Jie Zhou , Liang He

Existing works increasingly adopt memory-centric mechanisms to process long contexts in a segment manner, and effective memory management is one of the key capabilities that enables large language models to effectively propagate information…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Zecheng Tang , Baibei Ji , Ruoxi Sun , Haitian Wang , WangJie You , Zhang Yijun , Wenpeng Zhu , Ji Qi , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Evaluating the creativity of large language models (LLMs) in story writing is difficult because LLM-generated stories could seemingly look creative but be very similar to some existing stories in their huge and proprietary training corpus.…

Generating long, coherent text remains a challenge for large language models (LLMs), as they lack hierarchical planning and structured organization in discourse generation. We introduce Structural Alignment, a novel method that aligns LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Zae Myung Kim , Anand Ramachandran , Farideh Tavazoee , Joo-Kyung Kim , Oleg Rokhlenko , Dongyeop Kang