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Robot learning in high-dimensional control settings, such as humanoid locomotion, presents persistent challenges for reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms due to unstable dynamics, complex contact interactions, and sensitivity to…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Khang Nguyen , Khai Nguyen , An T. Le , Jan Peters , Manfred Huber , Ngo Anh Vien , Minh Nhat Vu

Most efforts to improve the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) involve either scaling the number of parameters and the size of training data, or scaling inference computation by letting models generate complex chains of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Yeskendir Koishekenov , Aldo Lipani , Nicola Cancedda

In traditional statistical learning, data points are usually assumed to be independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) following an unknown probability distribution. This paper presents a contrasting viewpoint, perceiving data points…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Yangchen Pan , Junfeng Wen , Chenjun Xiao , Philip Torr

In this paper, we introduce proximal gradient temporal difference learning, which provides a principled way of designing and analyzing true stochastic gradient temporal difference learning algorithms. We show how gradient TD (GTD)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-09 Bo Liu , Ian Gemp , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Ji Liu , Sridhar Mahadevan , Marek Petrik

In reinforcement learning, temporal abstraction in the action space, exemplified by action repetition, is a technique to facilitate policy learning through extended actions. However, a primary limitation in previous studies of action…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-09 Joongkyu Lee , Seung Joon Park , Yunhao Tang , Min-hwan Oh

Multi-step temporal difference (TD) learning is an important approach in reinforcement learning, as it unifies one-step TD learning with Monte Carlo methods in a way where intermediate algorithms can outperform either extreme. They address…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-09-10 Kristopher De Asis , Richard S. Sutton

We propose a unified framework to study policy evaluation (PE) and the associated temporal difference (TD) methods for reinforcement learning in continuous time and space. We show that PE is equivalent to maintaining the martingale…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-02 Yanwei Jia , Xun Yu Zhou

Temporal difference (TD) learning algorithms with neural network function parameterization have well-established empirical success in many practical large-scale reinforcement learning tasks. However, theoretical understanding of these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-08 Zhifa Ke , Zaiwen Wen , Junyu Zhang

Advanced reasoning in LLMs on challenging domains like mathematical reasoning can be tackled using verifiable rewards based reinforced fine-tuning (ReFT). In standard ReFT frameworks, a behavior model generates multiple completions with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Maxime Heuillet , Yufei Cui , Boxing Chen , Audrey Durand , Prasanna Parthasarathi

We explore fixed-horizon temporal difference (TD) methods, reinforcement learning algorithms for a new kind of value function that predicts the sum of rewards over a $\textit{fixed}$ number of future time steps. To learn the value function…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-02-12 Kristopher De Asis , Alan Chan , Silviu Pitis , Richard S. Sutton , Daniel Graves

The task of predicting long-term patient outcomes using supervised machine learning is a challenging one, in part because of the high variance of each patient's trajectory, which can result in the model over-fitting to the training data.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Thomas Frost , Kezhi Li , Steve Harris

Non-Markovian dynamics are commonly found in real-world environments due to long-range dependencies, partial observability, and memory effects. The Bellman equation that is the central pillar of Reinforcement learning (RL) becomes only…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Zuyuan Zhang , Sizhe Tang , Tian Lan

Chemotherapy dose optimization can be formulated as a dynamic treatment regime, requiring sequential decisions under uncertainty that must balance tumor suppression against toxicity. However, most reinforcement learning approaches assume…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Firas Mohamed Elamine Kiram , Imane Youkana , Rachida Saouli , Gian Antonio Susto , Laid Kahloul

We study the multi-step off-policy learning approach to distributional RL. Despite the apparent similarity between value-based RL and distributional RL, our study reveals intriguing and fundamental differences between the two cases in the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-18 Yunhao Tang , Mark Rowland , Rémi Munos , Bernardo Ávila Pires , Will Dabney , Marc G. Bellemare

Exploration in sparse reward environments remains a significant challenge in reinforcement learning, particularly in Contextual Markov Decision Processes (CMDPs), where environments differ across episodes. Existing episodic intrinsic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Yuhua Jiang , Qihan Liu , Yiqin Yang , Xiaoteng Ma , Dianyu Zhong , Hao Hu , Jun Yang , Bin Liang , Bo Xu , Chongjie Zhang , Qianchuan Zhao

This paper revisits the temporal difference (TD) learning algorithm for the policy evaluation tasks in reinforcement learning. Typically, the performance of TD(0) and TD($\lambda$) is very sensitive to the choice of stepsizes. Oftentimes,…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2021-10-12 Tao Sun , Han Shen , Tianyi Chen , Dongsheng Li

Temporal difference (TD) learning is a fundamental technique in reinforcement learning that updates value estimates for states or state-action pairs using a TD target. This target represents an improved estimate of the true value by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-05 Wuhao Wang , Zhiyong Chen , Lepeng Zhang

One of the most basic problems in reinforcement learning (RL) is policy evaluation: estimating the long-term return, i.e., value function, corresponding to a given fixed policy. The celebrated Temporal Difference (TD) learning algorithm…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Sreejeet Maity , Aritra Mitra

Temporal difference learning and Residual Gradient methods are the most widely used temporal difference based learning algorithms; however, it has been shown that none of their objective functions is optimal w.r.t approximating the true…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-04-21 Bo Liu , Daoming Lyu , Wen Dong , Saad Biaz

Several applications of Reinforcement Learning suffer from instability due to high variance. This is especially prevalent in high dimensional domains. Regularization is a commonly used technique in machine learning to reduce variance, at…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-04-12 Pierre Thodoroff , Audrey Durand , Joelle Pineau , Doina Precup