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Large language models often fail to satisfy formatting instructions when they must simultaneously perform demanding tasks. We study this behaviour through a prospective memory inspired lens from cognitive psychology, using a controlled…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Avni Mittal

Language models are trained to follow instructions, but they are also powerful pattern completers. What happens when these two objectives conflict? We construct conversations in which a user instruction to behave in a target way T (e.g.,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Carolina Camassa , Derek Shiller

This thesis investigates two key phenomena in large language models (LLMs): in-context learning (ICL) and model collapse. We study ICL in a linear transformer with tied weights trained on linear regression tasks, and show that minimising…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Josef Ott

Instruction following aims to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human intent by specifying explicit constraints on how tasks should be performed. However, we reveal a counterintuitive phenomenon: instruction following can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Yunjia Qi , Hao Peng , Xintong Shi , Amy Xin , Xiaozhi Wang , Bin Xu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Annotation automation via Large Language Models (LLMs) is the core approach for scaling NLP datasets; however, LLM behavior with respect to closed-set instructions in low-resource languages has not been well studied. We present MultiSoc-4D,…

Real-world instructions with multiple constraints pose a significant challenge to existing large language models (LLMs). An observation is that the LLMs exhibit dramatic performance fluctuation when disturbing the order of the incorporated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Jie Zeng , Qianyu He , Qingyu Ren , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao , Weikang Zhou , Zeye Sun , Fei Yu

Despite growing interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) for educational assessment, it remains unclear how closely they align with human scoring. We present a systematic evaluation of instruction-tuned LLMs across three open…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Filip J. Kucia , Anirban Chakraborty , Anna Wróblewska

This study examines how user-provided suggestions affect Large Language Models (LLMs) in a simulated educational context, where sycophancy poses significant risks. Testing five different LLMs from the OpenAI GPT-4o and GPT-4.1 model classes…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Chuck Arvin

Can large language models introspect, that is, accurately detect perturbations to their own internal states? We systematically investigate this question using activation steering in Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct. First, we show that the binary…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Ely Hahami , Ishaan Sinha , Lavik Jain , Josh Kaplan , Jon Hahami

Numerous studies have shown that multimodal LLMs process speech and images well but fail in non-intuitive ways rendering trivial tasks such as object counting unreliable. We investigate this behavior from an information-theoretic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Jayadev Billa

Numerous works are proposed to align large language models (LLMs) with human intents to better fulfill instructions, ensuring they are trustful and helpful. Nevertheless, some human instructions are often malicious or misleading and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-08 Rui Wang , Hongru Wang , Fei Mi , Yi Chen , Boyang Xue , Kam-Fai Wong , Ruifeng Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit position bias systematically underweighting information based on its location in the context but how this bias varies across languages and models remains unclear. We conduct a multilingual study across…

Instruction tuning has emerged as a paramount method for tailoring the behaviors of LLMs. Recent work has unveiled the potential for LLMs to achieve high performance through fine-tuning with a limited quantity of high-quality instruction…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Qiang Wang , Dawei Feng , Xu Zhang , Ao Shen , Yang Xu , Bo Ding , Huaimin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit catastrophic performance degradation when processing contexts approaching certain critical thresholds, even when information remains relevant. This intelligence degradation-defined as over 30% drop in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-23 Weiwei Wang , Jiyong Min , Weijie Zou

The design of safety-critical agents based on large language models (LLMs) requires more than simple prompt engineering. This paper presents a comprehensive information-theoretic analysis of how rule encodings in system prompts influence…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Joachim Diederich

The extraordinary capabilities of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 are in part unleashed by aligning them with reward models that are trained on human preferences, which are often represented as rankings of responses…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Ziang Song , Tianle Cai , Jason D. Lee , Weijie J. Su

Instruction-tuned large language models (IT-LLMs) exhibit strong zero-shot reasoning, yet their ability to execute simple, self-contained instructions remains underexplored, despite this being foundational to complex instruction-following.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Henry Lim , Kwan Hui Lim

Large Language Model (LLM)-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) have rapidly advanced collaborative reasoning, tool use, and role-specialized coordination in complex tasks. However, reliability-critical deployment remains hindered by a…

Structured width pruning of GLU-MLP layers, guided by the Maximum Absolute Weight (MAW) criterion, reveals a systematic dichotomy in how reducing the expansion ratio affects different model capabilities. While performance on tasks relying…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Pere Martra

Despite significant achievements in improving the instruction-following capabilities of large language models (LLMs), the ability to process multiple potentially entangled or conflicting instructions remains a considerable challenge.…