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The deployment of large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications is increasingly limited by their high inference cost. While recent advances in dynamic token-level computation allocation attempt to improve efficiency by selectively…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Chao Han , Yijuan Liang , Zihao Xuan , Daokuan Wu , Wei Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen

Recent progress in Language Models (LMs) has dramatically advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP), excelling at tasks like text generation, summarization, and question answering. However, their inference remains…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Adarsh Prasad Behera , Jaya Prakash Champati , Roberto Morabito , Sasu Tarkoma , James Gross

Large Language Models (LLMs) present a critical trade-off between inference quality and computational cost: larger models offer superior capabilities but incur significant latency, while smaller models are faster but less powerful. Existing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Hang Wu , Jianian Zhu , Yinghui Li , Haojie Wang , Biao Hou , Jidong Zhai

Large Language Model (LLM) serving systems must balance task performance against monetary cost. Two prominent optimization techniques have emerged independently: LLM routing, which directs each query to the most cost-effective model in a…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Haotian Xu , Kangfei Zhao , Jiadong Xie

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in chatbots, code generators, and search engines. Workload such as chain-of-throught, complex reasoning, agent services significantly increase the inference cost by invoke the model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-27 Sihyeong Park , Sungryeol Jeon , Chaelyn Lee , Seokhun Jeon , Byung-Soo Kim , Jemin Lee

Large language models (LLMs) excel in most NLP tasks but also require expensive cloud servers for deployment due to their size, while smaller models that can be deployed on lower cost (e.g., edge) devices, tend to lag behind in terms of…

Humans often interact with large language models (LLMs) in multi-turn interaction to obtain desired answers or more information. However, most existing studies overlook the multi-turn instruction following ability of LLMs, in terms of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Yuchong Sun , Che Liu , Kun Zhou , Jinwen Huang , Ruihua Song , Wayne Xin Zhao , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Kun Gai

Large Language Model (LLM) workloads have distinct prefill and decode phases with different compute and memory requirements which should ideally be accounted for when scheduling input queries across different LLM instances in a cluster.…

The inherent capabilities of a language model (LM) and the reasoning strategies it employs jointly determine its performance in reasoning tasks. While test-time scaling is regarded as an effective approach to tackling complex reasoning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Zhihong Pan , Kai Zhang , Yuze Zhao , Yupeng Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized inference across diverse natural language tasks, with larger models performing better but at higher computational costs. We propose a confidence-driven strategy that dynamically selects the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-26 Bo-Wei Chen , Chung-Chi Chen , An-Zi Yen

The increasing adoption of natural language processing (NLP) models across industries has led to practitioners' need for machine learning systems to handle these models efficiently, from training to serving them in production. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-17 Lovre Torbarina , Tin Ferkovic , Lukasz Roguski , Velimir Mihelcic , Bruno Sarlija , Zeljko Kraljevic

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to a fragmented and inefficient ecosystem, a state of ``model lock-in'' where seamlessly integrating novel models remains a significant bottleneck. Current routing frameworks…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Cheng Yan , Wuyang Zhang , Zhiyuan Ning , Fan Xu , Ziyang Tao , Lu Zhang , Bing Yin , Yanyong Zhang

Model merging aggregates Large Language Models (LLMs) finetuned on different tasks into a stronger one. However, parameter conflicts between models leads to performance degradation in averaging. While model routing addresses this issue by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-12 Kunfeng Lai , Zhenheng Tang , Xinglin Pan , Peijie Dong , Xiang Liu , Haolan Chen , Li Shen , Bo Li , Xiaowen Chu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) struggle with continual learning, often suffering from catastrophic forgetting when adapting to sequential tasks. We introduce a routing-based architecture that integrates new capabilities while…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Jay Mohta , Kenan Emir Ak , Gwang Lee , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Yan Xu , Mingwei Shen

Model routing allocates queries to the suitable model, improving system performance while reducing costs. However, existing routing methods face practical limitations that hinder scalability in large-scale applications and struggle to keep…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Zhou Chen , Zhiqiang Wei , Yuqi Bai , Xue Xiong , Jianmin Wu

Large language models (LLMs) implicitly learn to perform a range of language tasks, including machine translation (MT). Previous studies explore aspects of LLMs' MT capabilities. However, there exist a wide variety of languages for which…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-15 Nathaniel R. Robinson , Perez Ogayo , David R. Mortensen , Graham Neubig

Researchers and practitioners operating on a limited budget face the cost-performance trade-off dilemma. The challenging decision often centers on whether to use a large LLM with better performance or a smaller one with reduced costs. This…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-28 Guillem Ramírez , Alexandra Birch , Ivan Titov

Deep learning models named transformers achieved state-of-the-art results in a vast majority of NLP tasks at the cost of increased computational complexity and high memory consumption. Using the transformer model in real-time inference…

Large language models (LLMs) can be used as accessible and intelligent chatbots by constructing natural language queries and directly inputting the prompt into the large language model. However, different prompt' constructions often lead to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-14 Jinta Weng , Jiarui Zhang , Yue Hu , Daidong Fa , Xiaofeng Xuand , Heyan Huang

While large language models (LLMs) fine-tuned with lightweight adapters achieve strong performance across diverse tasks, their performance on individual tasks depends on the fine-tuning strategy. Fusing independently trained models with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Sanae Lotfi , Lucas Caccia , Alessandro Sordoni , Jordan T. Ash , Miroslav Dudik