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Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across diverse tasks but suffer from high inference latency due to their autoregressive generation. Speculative Decoding (SPD) mitigates this issue by verifying candidate tokens in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-30 Jinze Li , Yixing Xu , Guanchen Li , Shuo Yang , Jinfeng Xu , Xuanwu Yin , Dong Li , Edith C. H. Ngai , Emad Barsoum

This paper presents a practical investigation into fine-tuning model parameters for mathematical reasoning tasks through experimenting with various configurations including randomness control, reasoning depth, and sampling strategies,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Pranav Pawar , Dhwaj Jain , Varun Gupta , Kaustav Dedhia , Dashrath Kale , Sudhir Dhekane

Large Language Model (LLM) inference requires substantial computational resources, yet CPU-based inference remains essential for democratizing AI due to the widespread availability of CPUs compared to specialized accelerators. However,…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Jingyao Zhang , Jaewoo Park , Jongeun Lee , Elaheh Sadredini

The increase in open-source availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled users to deploy them on more and more resource-constrained edge devices to reduce reliance on network connections and provide more privacy. However, the…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-08-02 Jude Haris , Rappy Saha , Wenhao Hu , José Cano

Traditional auto-parallelizing compilers, reliant on rigid heuristics, struggle with the complexity of modern heterogeneous systems. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of small (approximately 1B parameter) language-model-driven…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Prathamesh Devadiga

The goal of $L$-step speculative decoding is to accelerate autoregressive decoding of a target model by using a cheaper draft model to generate a candidate path of $L$ tokens. Based on a verification algorithm involving target and draft…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Rahul Thomas , Arka Pal

Large-language-model (LLM) agents exhibit complex, context-sensitive behaviour that quickly renders static benchmarks and ad-hoc manual testing obsolete. We present Neo, a configurable, multi-agent framework that automates realistic,…

Large language model (LLM) agents show promise on realistic tool-use tasks, but deploying capable agents on modest hardware remains challenging. We study whether inference-time scaffolding alone, without any additional training compute, can…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 S. Aaron McClendon , Jorge Gallego-Feliciano , Stavros Zervoudakis , Antonios Saravanos

Large language models (LLMs) power many modern applications, but serving them at scale remains costly and resource-intensive. Current server-centric systems overlook consumer-grade GPUs at the edge. We introduce SpecEdge, an edge-assisted…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Jinwoo Park , Seunggeun Cho , Dongsu Han

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference by using smaller draft models to generate candidate tokens for parallel verification. However, current approaches are limited by sequential stage dependencies that prevent full…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-06 Bradley McDanel , Sai Qian Zhang , Yunhai Hu , Zining Liu

LLM-based search agents achieve strong performance but suffer from severe latency, as each step requires serialized LLM reasoning followed by action of tool execution. We revisit this bottleneck through the lens of speculation. While…

Cloud-based Large Language Model (LLM) services often face challenges in achieving low inference latency and meeting Service Level Objectives (SLOs) under dynamic request patterns. Speculative decoding, which exploits lightweight models for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Kaiyu Huang , Hao Wu , Zhubo Shi , Han Zou , Minchen Yu , Qingjiang Shi

This technical report describes the design and training of novel speculative decoding draft models, for accelerating the inference speeds of large language models in a production environment. By conditioning draft predictions on both…

Large language model (LLM) inference at the network edge is a promising serving paradigm that leverages distributed edge resources to run inference near users and enhance privacy. Existing edge-based LLM inference systems typically adopt…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-10-14 Bingjie Zhu , Zhixiong Chen , Liqiang Zhao , Hyundong Shin , Arumugam Nallanathan

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model (LLM) inference. It uses a small draft model to propose a tree of future tokens. A larger target model then verifies these tokens in a single batched forward pass. Despite the growing…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Saif Mahmoud

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit high inference latency due to their autoregressive decoding nature. While the draft head in speculative decoding mitigates this issue, its full potential remains unexplored. In this paper, we introduce…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-16 Kaiqi Zhang , Jing Zhao , Rui Chen

Test-time scaling improves LLM performance by generating multiple candidate solutions, yet token-level sampling requires temperature tuning that trades off diversity against stability. Fine-grained MoE, featuring hundreds of well-trained…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Yuanteng Chen , Peisong Wang , Nanxin Zeng , Yuantian Shao , Shuang Qiu , Gang Li , Jing Liu , Jian Cheng

Understanding the emotions in a dialogue usually requires external knowledge to accurately understand the contents. As the LLMs become more and more powerful, we do not want to settle on the limited ability of the pre-trained language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-03 Han Zhang , Yu Lu , Liyun Zhang , Dian Ding , Dinghua Zhao , Yi-Chao Chen , Ye Wu , Guangtao Xue

Large language models (LLMs) fine-tuned on multimodal financial data have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities in various financial tasks. However, they often struggle with multi-step, goal-oriented scenarios in interactive…

The safe and effective deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) involves a critical step called alignment, which ensures that the model's responses are in accordance with human preferences. Prevalent alignment techniques, such as DPO, PPO…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-04 Hanshi Sun , Momin Haider , Ruiqi Zhang , Huitao Yang , Jiahao Qiu , Ming Yin , Mengdi Wang , Peter Bartlett , Andrea Zanette
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