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Large Language Models (LLMs) have grown increasingly powerful, yet ensuring their decisions remain transparent and trustworthy requires self-consistency -- no contradictions in their internal reasoning. Our study reveals that even on simple…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Zhenru Lin , Jiawen Tao , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Large Language Models often improve accuracy on reasoning tasks by sampling multiple Chain-of-Thought (CoT) traces and aggregating them with majority voting (MV), a test-time technique called self-consistency. When we truncate a CoT partway…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-05-11 Naoto Iwase , Yuki Ichihara , Mohammad Atif Quamar , Junpei Komiyama

Reasoning has become a central paradigm for large language models (LLMs), consistently boosting accuracy across diverse benchmarks. Yet its suitability for precision-sensitive tasks remains unclear. We present the first systematic study of…

Knowledge hallucination have raised widespread concerns for the security and reliability of deployed LLMs. Previous efforts in detecting hallucinations have been employed at logit-level uncertainty estimation or language-level…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Chao Chen , Kai Liu , Ze Chen , Yi Gu , Yue Wu , Mingyuan Tao , Zhihang Fu , Jieping Ye

We investigate a long-perceived shortcoming in the typical use of BLEU: its reliance on a single reference. Using modern neural paraphrasing techniques, we study whether automatically generating additional diverse references can provide…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-10-12 Rachel Bawden , Biao Zhang , Lisa Yankovskaya , Andre Tättar , Matt Post

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) tasks by planning and interacting with knowledge graphs. However, existing methods often confuse tool utilization with knowledge…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Mufan Xu , Gewen Liang , Kehai Chen , Wei Wang , Xun Zhou , Muyun Yang , Tiejun Zhao , Min Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant improvements in reasoning capabilities through supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning. However, when training reasoning models, these approaches are primarily applicable…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-16 Yoichi Ishibashi , Taro Yano , Masafumi Oyamada

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding, reasoning, and problem-solving across various domains. However, their ability to perform complex, multi-step reasoning task-essential…

Modern large language models (LLMs) are often evaluated and deployed under a one-shot, greedy inference protocol, especially in professional settings that require deterministic behavior. This regime can systematically under-estimate a fixed…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Xinhai Sun

Recent studies on reasoning models explore the meta-awareness of language models, the ability to know how to think by itself. We argue that large reasoning models lack this meta-awareness property by proving severe misalignment between true…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Yoonjeon Kim , Doohyuk Jang , Eunho Yang

Prompt design plays a critical role in the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs), yet the impact of prompt specificity - how detailed or vague a prompt is - remains understudied. This paper introduces DETAIL, a framework for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-03 Olivia Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit strong linguistic abilities while remaining unreliable on multi-step reasoning tasks, particularly when deployed without additional training or fine-tuning. In this work, we study inference-time…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Vinay Sharma , Manish Jain

Self-Consistency, a widely-used decoding strategy, significantly boosts the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, it depends on the plurality voting rule, which focuses on the most frequent answer while…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-18 Siyuan Huang , Zhiyuan Ma , Jintao Du , Changhua Meng , Weiqiang Wang , Zhouhan Lin

To enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), self-consistency has become a popular approach, combining multiple samplings with majority voting. However, current methods are computationally expensive and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Jiace Zhu , Yuanzhe Huang , Yingtao Shen , Jie Zhao , An Zou

While Large language models (LLMs) have proved able to address some complex reasoning tasks, we also know that they are highly sensitive to input variation, which can lead to different solution paths and final answers. Answer consistency…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Huiyuan Lai , Xiao Zhang , Malvina Nissim

We study the source of uncertainty in DeepSeek R1-32B by analyzing its self-reported verbal confidence on question answering (QA) tasks. In the default answer-then-confidence setting, the model is regularly over-confident, whereas semantic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-06 Jakub Podolak , Rajeev Verma

Existing memory systems enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to support long-horizon human-LLM interactions by persisting historical interactions beyond limited context windows. However, while recent approaches have succeeded in constructing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Haidong Xin , Xinze Li , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Cheng Yang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

It is often observed in knowledge-centric tasks (e.g., common sense question and answering, relation classification) that the integration of external knowledge such as entity representation into language models can help provide useful…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-09-03 Ruochen Xu , Yuwei Fang , Chenguang Zhu , Michael Zeng

Standard factuality evaluations of LLMs treat all errors alike, obscuring whether failures arise from missing knowledge (empty shelves) or from limited access to encoded facts (lost keys). We propose a behavioral framework that profiles…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Nitay Calderon , Eyal Ben-David , Zorik Gekhman , Eran Ofek , Gal Yona

Large language models (LLMs) encode vast amounts of pre-trained knowledge in their parameters, but updating them as real-world information evolves remains a challenge. Existing methodologies and benchmarks primarily target entity…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-18 Aochong Oliver Li , Tanya Goyal