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Neural networks equipped with self-attention have parallelizable computation, light-weight structure, and the ability to capture both long-range and local dependencies. Further, their expressive power and performance can be boosted by using…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-03-27 Tao Shen , Tianyi Zhou , Guodong Long , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang

Transformers are the cornerstone of modern large language models, but their quadratic computational complexity limits efficiency in long-sequence processing. Recent advancements in Mamba, a state space model (SSM) with linear complexity,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Yixing Li , Ruobing Xie , Zhen Yang , Xingwu Sun , Shuaipeng Li , Weidong Han , Zhanhui Kang , Yu Cheng , Chengzhong Xu , Di Wang , Jie Jiang

Structured State Spaces for Sequences (S4) is a recently proposed sequence model with successful applications in various tasks, e.g. vision, language modeling, and audio. Thanks to its mathematical formulation, it compresses its input to a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-04-26 Ali Vardasbi , Telmo Pessoa Pires , Robin M. Schmidt , Stephan Peitz

The computational burden of attention in long-context language models has motivated two largely independent lines of work: sparse attention mechanisms that reduce complexity by attending to selected tokens, and gated attention variants that…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-23 Alfred Shen , Aaron Shen

Transformers have been established as the most popular backbones in sequence modeling, mainly due to their effectiveness in in-context retrieval tasks and the ability to learn at scale. Their quadratic memory and time complexity, however,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Ali Behrouz , Zeman Li , Praneeth Kacham , Majid Daliri , Yuan Deng , Peilin Zhong , Meisam Razaviyayn , Vahab Mirrokni

Sequential Recommenders have been widely applied in various online services, aiming to model users' dynamic interests from their sequential interactions. With users increasingly engaging with online platforms, vast amounts of lifelong user…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-03-26 Jiyuan Yang , Yuanzi Li , Jingyu Zhao , Hanbing Wang , Muyang Ma , Jun Ma , Zhaochun Ren , Mengqi Zhang , Xin Xin , Zhumin Chen , Pengjie Ren

Despite the advantageous subquadratic complexity of modern recurrent deep learning models -- such as state-space models (SSMs) -- recent studies have highlighted their potential shortcomings compared to transformers on reasoning and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Destiny Okpekpe , Antonio Orvieto

State-space models (SSMs) have recently attention as an efficient alternative to computationally expensive attention-based models for sequence modeling. They rely on linear recurrences to integrate information over time, enabling fast…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-01 Mahdi Karami , Ali Behrouz , Peilin Zhong , Razvan Pascanu , Vahab Mirrokni

Scaling Transformers to ultra-long contexts is bottlenecked by the $O(n^2 d)$ cost of self-attention. Existing methods reduce this cost along the sequence axis through local windows, kernel approximations, or token-level sparsity, but these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Yan Xie , Tiansheng Wen , Tangda Huang , Bo Chen , Chenyu You , Stefanie Jegelka , Yifei Wang

Many machine learning models use the manipulation of dimensions as a driving force to enable models to identify and learn important features in data. In the case of sequential data this manipulation usually happens on the token dimension…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Daniel Biermann , Fabrizio Palumbo , Morten Goodwin , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Transformers have shown dominant performance across a range of domains including language and vision. However, their computational cost grows quadratically with the sequence length, making their usage prohibitive for resource-constrained…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Yinghan Long , Sayeed Shafayet Chowdhury , Kaushik Roy

Memory retention challenges in deep neural architectures have ongoing limitations in the ability to process and recall extended contextual information. Token dependencies degrade as sequence length increases, leading to a decline in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-26 Frederick Dillon , Gregor Halvorsen , Simon Tattershall , Magnus Rowntree , Gareth Vanderpool

Modern large language models are built on sequence modeling via next-token prediction. While the Transformer remains the dominant architecture for sequence modeling, its quadratic decoding complexity in sequence length poses a major…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-03 Bo Liu , Rui Wang , Lemeng Wu , Yihao Feng , Peter Stone , Qiang Liu

Long-range dependency is one of the most desired properties of recent sequence models such as state-space models (particularly Mamba) and transformer models. New model architectures are being actively developed and benchmarked for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-05 Cong Ma , Kayvan Najarian

Long-context ability, has become one of the most important iteration direction of next-generation Large Language Models, particularly in semantic understanding/reasoning, code agentic intelligence and recommendation system. However, the…

Despite the success of Transformers, handling long contexts remains challenging due to the limited length generalization and quadratic complexity of self-attention. Thus Transformers often require post-training with a larger attention…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Xiang Hu , Zhihao Teng , Jun Zhao , Wei Wu , Kewei Tu

In recent years, Transformers have become the de-facto architecture for sequence modeling on text and a variety of multi-dimensional data, such as images and video. However, the use of self-attention layers in a Transformer incurs…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-16 Shufan Li , Harkanwar Singh , Aditya Grover

In this work, we conduct a systematic analysis of Native Sparse Attention (NSA) and propose targeted improvements that enhance long-context modeling. A key insight is that alternating between local (sliding-window) and global (compression,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Yuxuan Hu , Jianchao Tan , Jiaqi Zhang , Wen Zan , Pingwei Sun , Yifan Lu , Yerui Sun , Yuchen Xie , Xunliang Cai , Jing Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced significantly due to the attention mechanism, but their quadratic complexity and linear memory demands limit their performance on long-context tasks. Recently, researchers introduced Mamba, an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Wangjie You , Zecheng Tang , Juntao Li , Lili Yao , Min Zhang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) excel in modeling complex language patterns but face significant computational costs during inference, especially with long inputs due to the attention mechanism's memory overhead. We observe…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-18 Ruiqing Yan , Linghan Zheng , Xingbo Du , Han Zou , Yufeng Guo , Jianfei Yang