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Tokenization is the first - and often underappreciated - layer of computation in language models. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting enables transformer models to approximate recurrent computation by externalizing intermediate steps, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Xiang Zhang , Juntai Cao , Jiaqi Wei , Yiwei Xu , Chenyu You

Integrating symbolic techniques with statistical ones is a long-standing problem in artificial intelligence. The motivation is that the strengths of either area match the weaknesses of the other, and $\unicode{x2013}$ by combining the two…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Jonathan Feldstein , Paulius Dilkas , Vaishak Belle , Efthymia Tsamoura

The field of neuro-symbolic AI aims to benefit from the combination of neural networks and symbolic systems. A cornerstone of the field is the translation or encoding of symbolic knowledge into neural networks. Although many neuro-symbolic…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-11-28 Simon Odense , Artur d'Avila Garcez

We introduce a framework for learning continuous neural representations of formal specifications by distilling the geometry of their semantics into a latent space. Existing approaches rely either on symbolic kernels -- which preserve…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Sara Candussio , Gabriele Sarti , Gaia Saveri , Luca Bortolussi

Structured reasoning over natural language inputs remains a core challenge in artificial intelligence, as it requires bridging the gap between unstructured linguistic expressions and formal logical representations. In this paper, we propose…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-14 Keying Yang , Hao Wang , Kai Yang

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a powerful new language of science as evidenced by recent Nobel Prizes in chemistry and physics that recognized contributions to AI applied to those areas. Yet, this new language lacks semantics, which makes…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Artur d'Avila Garcez , Simon Odense

Recent studies on Learning to Optimize (L2O) suggest a promising path to automating and accelerating the optimization procedure for complicated tasks. Existing L2O models parameterize optimization rules by neural networks, and learn those…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-05-10 Wenqing Zheng , Tianlong Chen , Ting-Kuei Hu , Zhangyang Wang

Language models lack the notion of interchangeable tokens: symbols that are semantically equivalent yet distinct, such as bound variables in formal logic. This limitation prevents generalization to larger vocabularies and hinders the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 İlker Işık , Ramazan Gokberk Cinbis , Ebru Aydin Gol

Neuro-symbolic systems combine the abilities of neural perception and logical reasoning. However, end-to-end learning of neuro-symbolic systems is still an unsolved challenge. This paper proposes a natural framework that fuses neural…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Zenan Li , Yunpeng Huang , Zhaoyu Li , Yuan Yao , Jingwei Xu , Taolue Chen , Xiaoxing Ma , Jian Lu

Neurosymbolic AI is an increasingly active area of research that combines symbolic reasoning methods with deep learning to leverage their complementary benefits. As knowledge graphs are becoming a popular way to represent heterogeneous and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-01-13 Lauren Nicole DeLong , Ramon Fernández Mir , Jacques D. Fleuriot

Neural models and symbolic algorithms have recently been combined for tasks requiring both perception and reasoning. Neural models ground perceptual input into a conceptual vocabulary, on which a classical reasoning algorithm is applied to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-06-08 Ananye Agarwal , Pradeep Shenoy , Mausam

We contribute a theoretical and operational framework for neurosymbolic AI called DeepLog. DeepLog introduces building blocks and primitives for neurosymbolic AI that make abstraction of commonly used representations and computational…

Bridging continuous perceptual signals and discrete symbolic reasoning is a fundamental challenge in AI systems that must operate under uncertainty. We present a neuro-symbolic framework that explicitly models and propagates uncertainty…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Jiahao Wu , Shengwen Yu

We develop a theoretical framework that explains how discrete symbolic structures can emerge naturally from continuous neural network training dynamics. By lifting neural parameters to a measure space and modeling training as Wasserstein…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-03 Peihao Wang , Zhangyang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at both informal and formal (e.g. Lean 4) mathematical reasoning but still struggle with autoformalisation, the task of transforming informal into formal mathematical statements. Autoformalisation helps…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Yupei Li , Philipp Borchert , Gerasimos Lampouras

The unification of low-level perception and high-level reasoning is a long-standing problem in artificial intelligence, which has the potential to not only bring the areas of logic and learning closer together but also demonstrate how…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2019-11-27 Anton Fuxjaeger , Vaishak Belle

Neural networks encode inputs as high-dimensional vectors, known as representations, that capture how models process data by encoding task-relevant structure and semantics. Representation alignment refers to the degree to which different…

计算几何 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Xinyuan Yan , Rita Sevastjanova , Mennatallah El-Assady , Bei Wang

Encoder-decoder architectures are prominent building blocks of state-of-the-art solutions for tasks across multiple fields where deep learning (DL) or foundation models play a key role. Although there is a growing community working on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-14 Breno W. Carvalho , Artur D'Avilla Garcez , Luis C. Lamb

From a logical point of view, Stone duality for Boolean algebras relates theories in classical propositional logic and their collections of models. The theories can be seen as presentations of Boolean algebras, and the collections of models…

逻辑 · 数学 2013-07-01 Steve Awodey , Henrik Forssell

Recent advances in the integration of deep learning with automated theorem proving have centered around the representation of logical formulae as inputs to deep learning systems. In particular, there has been a growing interest in adapting…

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