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A Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based question-answering (QA) system enhances a large language model's knowledge by retrieving relevant documents based on user queries. Discrepancies between user queries and document phrasings often…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Qi Wang , Yixuan Cao , Yifan Liu , Jiangtao Zhao , Ping Luo

We systematically investigate the parameter-efficient fine-tuning design space under practical data and compute constraints, and propose D2-LoRA. D2-LoRA achieves 76.4 percent average accuracy across eight question answering and reading…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Nozomu Fujisawa , Masaaki Kondo

Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as one of the most widely adopted methods for Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) of Large Language Models (LLMs). LoRA reduces the number of trainable parameters and memory usage while achieving…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems depend critically on the quality of document preprocessing, yet no prior study has evaluated PDF processing frameworks by their impact on downstream question-answering accuracy. We address this…

Fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models is inherently a resource-intensive task. While it can enhance the capabilities of the model, it also incurs substantial computational costs, posing challenges to the practical application of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-27 Yulong Mao , Kaiyu Huang , Changhao Guan , Ganglin Bao , Fengran Mo , Jinan Xu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) can substantially enhance the performance of LLMs on knowledge-intensive tasks. Various RAG paradigms - including vanilla, planning-based, and iterative RAG - all depend on a robust retriever, yet…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Haiyang Shen , Hang Yan , Zhongshi Xing , Mugeng Liu , Yue Li , Zhiyang Chen , Yuxiang Wang , Jiuzheng Wang , Yun Ma

Synthetic data augmentation helps language models learn new knowledge in data-constrained domains. However, naively scaling existing synthetic data methods by training on more synthetic tokens or using stronger generators yields diminishing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Seungju Han , Konwoo Kim , Chanwoo Park , Benjamin Newman , Suhas Kotha , Jaehun Jung , James Zou , Yejin Choi

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a fundamental parameter-efficient fine-tuning method that balances efficiency and performance in large-scale neural networks. However, the proliferation of LoRA variants has led to fragmentation in methodology,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Haonan He , Jingqi Ye , Minglei Li , Zhengbo Wang , Tao Chen , Lei Bai , Peng Ye

The current RAG system requires uploading plaintext documents to the cloud, risking private data leakage. Parametric RAG (PRAG) encodes documents as LoRA parameters within LLMs, offering a possible way to reduce exposure of raw content.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Jinwen Chen , Hainan Zhang , Liang Pang , Yongxin Tong , Haibo Zhou , Yuan Zhan , Wei Lin , Zhiming Zheng

Question answering based on retrieval augmented generation (RAG-QA) is an important research topic in NLP and has a wide range of real-world applications. However, most existing datasets for this task are either constructed using a single…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-04 Rujun Han , Yuhao Zhang , Peng Qi , Yumo Xu , Jenyuan Wang , Lan Liu , William Yang Wang , Bonan Min , Vittorio Castelli

Proprietary corporate documents contain rich domain-specific knowledge, but their overwhelming volume and disorganized structure make it difficult even for employees to access the right information when needed. For example, in the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-28 Nayoung Choi , Grace Byun , Andrew Chung , Ellie S. Paek , Shinsun Lee , Jinho D. Choi

As the legal community increasingly examines the use of large language models (LLMs) for various legal applications, legal AI developers have turned to retrieval-augmented LLMs ("RAG" systems) to improve system performance and robustness.…

We present GaRAGe, a large RAG benchmark with human-curated long-form answers and annotations of each grounding passage, allowing a fine-grained evaluation of whether LLMs can identify relevant grounding when generating RAG answers. Our…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a leading approach to reducing hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). Current RAG evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on what we call local RAG: retrieving relevant chunks from…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Tingshuo Fan , Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu

In this paper, we introduce DoTA-RAG (Dynamic-of-Thought Aggregation RAG), a retrieval-augmented generation system optimized for high-throughput, large-scale web knowledge indexes. Traditional RAG pipelines often suffer from high latency…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating their parametric knowledge with external retrieved content. However, knowledge conflicts caused by internal inconsistencies or noisy retrieved content…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-03 Juan Chen , Baolong Bi , Wei Zhang , Jingyan Sui , Xiaofei Zhu , Yuanzhuo Wang , Lingrui Mei , Shenghua Liu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a crucial method for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), with its effectiveness influenced by two key factors: rank selection and weight initialization. While numerous LoRA variants have been…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Haonan He , Peng Ye , Yuchen Ren , Yuan Yuan , Luyang Zhou , Shucun Ju , Lei Chen

Domain Incremental Learning (DIL) is a continual learning sub-branch that aims to address never-ending arrivals of new domains without catastrophic forgetting problems. Despite the advent of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Naeem Paeedeh , Mahardhika Pratama , Weiping Ding , Jimmy Cao , Wolfgang Mayer , Ryszard Kowalczyk

A surge in academic publications calls for automated deep research (DR) systems, but accurately evaluating them is still an open problem. First, existing benchmarks often focus narrowly on retrieval while neglecting high-level planning and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Zhihan Guo , Feiyang Xu , Yifan Li , Muzhi Li , Shuai Zou , Jiele Wu , Han Shi , Haoli Bai , Ho-fung Leung , Irwin King

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) on specialized domain datasets has shown improved performance when large language models (LLMs) are fine-tuned for generating responses to user queries. In this study, we develop a cybersecurity…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Varun Badrinath Krishna